these forceful letters, while assigning to the light meaning airy letters, which are among the lightest of all.
Such examples are too numerous to encompass. If Allah prolongs my life, I shall devote a separate book to this subject, if Allah Most High wills.
Insights of this kind require subtlety of mind and sensitivity of disposition. They are inaccessible to those whose hearts are coarse and who are content with the rudiments of grammar and morphology, without reflecting deeply upon them, considering the wisdom of the one who established the language, or examining the secrets of this magnificent language that elude most minds. This discussion alerts the discerning reader to what lies beyond it. 24:40 “And he to whom Allah has not granted light—for him there is no light.”
Consider their names for a coarse, uncouth person: ʿutull, jaʿzarī, and jawwāz. See how these words proclaim the meanings they embody.
Consider also their designation of a tall person as ʿashannaq. Reflect on how these letters convey and suit the meaning of tallness, and on their designation of a short person as buhtur. Notice their succession of three fathahs in the name for a tall person, ʿashannaq, and their use of two dammahs separated by an unvowelled consonant in buhtur. The first word requires the mouth to open and the organs of speech to spread apart and extend, without crowding one another; with the word buhtur, the reverse is true.
Reflect also on their expressions: tāla al-shay’, fa-huwa tawīl (“the thing grew long, so it is long”), and kabura, fa-huwa kabīr (“it grew large, so it is large”). When its length or size increases further, they say tuwāl (“very long”) and kubār (“very large”). Thus, to express greater length, they use alif, whose sound is more extended and longer than that of yā’. If something becomes greater still and weighs more heavily upon people’s souls, they give its name greater weight, saying kubbār, with a doubled bā’.
Were we to give the pen free rein on this subject, it would range far and become difficult to restrain.
Let us therefore return to the matter that prompted this discussion. We say: