Al-Tafsīr al-Qayyim - Ibn al-Qayyim - (197)

Al-Tafsīr al-QayyimIbn al-Qayyim

the Supreme. Glory be to Allah above what they associate with Him.”

The Quran contains many, many more examples of this.

He, glorified be He, also adduces His names and attributes as evidence of the falsehood of the invalid rulings and religious laws attributed to Him, and of the fact that His sacred perfection precludes His prescribing them. Thus He says:

7:28 “When they commit an indecency, they say, ‘We found our forefathers doing this, and Allah has commanded us to do it.’ Say, ‘Allah does not command indecency. Do you say about Allah what you do not know?’”

Likewise, after prohibiting and declaring unlawful the association of partners with Him, injustice, indecencies, and speaking about Allah without knowledge, He says:

17:38 “The evil of all these things is hateful to your Lord.”

He thus informs you that whatever is evil in itself is hateful to Him, glorified be He, and that His perfection precludes His making it part of His law and religion. Through His names and attributes, He guides His servants to understand what He does and commands, what He loves and hates, and what He rewards and punishes. Yet only the select of the select can attain this way of reasoning. The approach of most people, therefore, is to reason from observable signs, for this is more widely accessible and easier to grasp. Allah, glorified be He, favors some of His creatures over others and raises in rank whomever He wills. He is the All-Knowing, the All-Wise.

The magnificent Quran combines what no other book combines. It is both the call and its proof, the evidence and that which the evidence establishes, the witness and that to which it bears witness, the ruling and its proof, the claim and its substantiation. Allah Most High says:

11:13 “Can one who stands upon clear evidence from his Lord, followed by a witness from Him …?”

That is, from his Lord; this witness is the Quran. Addressing those who requested a sign demonstrating the truthfulness of His Messenger, Allah Most High says:

29:50, 51 “Is it not enough for them that We have sent down to you the Book, which is recited to them? Surely in this is mercy and a reminder for people who believe. Say, ‘Allah is sufficient as a witness between me and you. He knows whatever is in the heavens and the earth. Those who believe in falsehood and disbelieve in Allah—it is they who are the losers.’”

He, glorified be He, thus declares that the Book He sent down to His Messenger suffices in place of every other sign. It contains the proof and evidence that it is from Allah and that Allah, glorified be He, sent His Messenger with it.

It also explains what brings those who follow it happiness and deliverance from punishment. Then He says, 29:

الْمُتَكَبِّرُ، سُبْحانَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ وأضعاف أضعاف ذلك في القرآن. ويستدل سبحانه بأسمائه وصفاته على بطلان ما نسب إليه من الأحكام والشرائع الباطلة، وأن كماله المقدس يمنع من شرعها، كقوله ٧: ٢٨ وَإِذا فَعَلُوا فاحِشَةً قالُوا: وَجَدْنا عَلَيْها آباءَنا، وَاللَّهُ أَمَرَنا بِها، قُلْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَأْمُرُ بِالْفَحْشاءِ، أَتَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ ما لا تَعْلَمُونَ وقوله عقيب ما نهى عنه وحرمه من الشرك والظلم والفواحش، والقول على الله بلا علم ١٧: ٣٨ كُلُّ ذلِكَ كانَ سَيِّئُهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ مَكْرُوهاً فأعلمك أن ما كان سيئة في نفسه فهو سبحانه يكرهه، وكماله يأبى أن يجعله شرعا له ودينا، فهو سبحانه يدل عباده بأسمائه وصفاته على ما يفعله ويأمر به، ويحبه ويبغضه، ويثيب عليه ويعاقب عليه، ولكن هذه الطريقة لا يصل إليها إلا خاصة الخاصة. فلذا كانت طريقة الجمهور والدلالات بالآيات المشاهدة. فإنها أوسع وأسهل تناولا، والله سبحانه يفضل بعض خلقه على بعض، ويرفع درجات من يشاء وهو العليم الحكيم. فالقرآن العظيم قد اجتمع فيه ما لم يجتمع في غيره. فإنه الدعوة والحجة، وهو الدليل والمدلول عليه، وهو الشاهد والمشهود له، وهو الحكم والدليل، وهو الدعوى والبينة. قال الله تعالى: ١١: ١٣ أَفَمَنْ كانَ عَلى بَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَيَتْلُوهُ شاهِدٌ مِنْهُ أي من ربه وهو القرآن. وقال تعالى لمن طلب آية تدل على صدق رسوله له: ٢٩: ٥٠، ٥١ أَوَلَمْ يَكْفِهِمْ أَنَّا أَنْزَلْنا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتابَ يُتْلى عَلَيْهِمْ؟ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَرَحْمَةً وَذِكْرى لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ. قُلْ كَفى بِاللَّهِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ شَهِيداً، يَعْلَمُ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْباطِلِ وَكَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ أُولئِكَ هُمُ الْخاسِرُونَ. فأخبر سبحانه أن الكتاب الذي أنزله على رسوله يكفي من كل آية، ففيه الحجة، والدلالة على أنه من الله، وأن الله سبحانه أرسل به رسوله. وفيه بيان ما يوجب لمن اتبعه السعادة والنجاة من العذاب. ثم قال ٢٩: