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Since His testimony, glorified is He, entails explaining to His servants what He testifies to, guiding them to it, and making it known to them, a testimony they could not come to know would neither benefit them nor establish proof against them. Likewise, if a human witness possesses testimony but does not disclose it, concealing it instead, no one benefits from it, nor does it establish any proof.

Since His testimony can benefit them only if it is made clear, He, glorified is He, has clarified it in the fullest way through three means: hearing, sight, and reason.

As for hearing, this is through hearing His recited, spoken verses, which affirm His perfect attributes, His majestic qualities, His exaltedness over His Throne above His seven heavens, His speaking the words of His Books, and His speaking to whomever He wills among His servants—all of this being real speech, not metaphorical.

This refutes those who say that He did not intend His servants to affirm what His revealed verses indicate: their meanings and the realities that their words were coined to express. Such a claim is the opposite of clarification and imparting knowledge. It defeats the purpose of testimony and amounts to concealing it. Allah has condemned anyone who conceals testimony received from Him and has declared such a person among the most unjust.

Thus, if a servant possesses testimony from Allah confirming what His Messenger brought—the signs of his prophethood, the oneness of the One who sent him, and the fact that Abraham and his entire household followed Islam—yet conceals that testimony, he is among the most unjust. This is what the enemies of Allah’s Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did among the Jews who recognized him as they recognized their own sons.

How, then, could anyone suppose that Allah, glorified is He, concealed the true testimony borne by the Jahmiyyah, Muʿtazilah, and deniers of His attributes, did not bear that testimony concerning Himself, and then testified concerning Himself to its very opposite—something that contradicts it and cannot be reconciled with it in any way? Glory be to You! This is a monstrous slander.

For Allah, glorified is He, has testified concerning Himself that He rose over the Throne, that He is the Subduer above His servants, that His angels fear Him who is above them, and that the angels ascend to Him with the command,