Al-Tafsīr al-Qayyim - Ibn al-Qayyim - (188)

Al-Tafsīr al-QayyimIbn al-Qayyim

His oneness entails the affirmation of His attributes of perfection and majesty, that none is like Him in these attributes, and that He alone is to be worshipped, without partner.

His justice entails that He puts things in their proper places and assigns them their proper stations; that He singles nothing out except on grounds that warrant it; that He does not punish anyone who does not deserve punishment; and that He does not withhold His gifts from anyone who deserves them—even though He Himself is the One who made that person deserving.

His might entails the perfection of His power, strength, and irresistible mastery.

His wisdom entails the perfection of His knowledge and awareness, and that He commands and forbids, creates and decrees, for wise purposes and praiseworthy ends for which He deserves perfect praise.

Thus, His name “the Almighty” encompasses dominion, and His name “the All-Wise” encompasses praise. The beginning of the verse encompasses His oneness. This is the true meaning of:

“There is no god but Allah alone, without partner. His is the dominion, and His is all praise, and He has power over all things.”

These are the best words spoken by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the prophets before him.

“The All-Wise” is He whose commands concern what is intrinsically good, whose prohibitions concern what is intrinsically bad, whose statements are true, whose actions are right, and whose will concerns what is more worthy of being willed than anything else.

This attribute belongs in its perfection to Allah alone.

Thus, this verse and this testimony encompass His oneness, which excludes associating partners with Him; His justice, which excludes injustice; His might, which excludes inability; and His wisdom, which excludes ignorance and imperfection.

It therefore bears witness to His oneness, justice, strength, knowledge, and wisdom. This is why it is the greatest testimony.

Of all the groups, none upholds this testimony as it should be upheld except Ahl al-Sunnah. All the other groups—the people of religious innovation—fail to uphold it.

فالتوحيد يتضمن ثبوت صفات كماله، ونعوت جلاله، وعدم المماثل له فيها، وعبادته وحده لا شريك له. والعدل يتضمن وضعه الأشياء موضعها، وتنزيلها منازلها، وأنه لم يخص شيئا منها إلا بمخصص اقتضى ذلك، وأنه لا يعاقب من لا يستحق العقوبة، ولا يمنع من يستحق العطاء، وان كان هو الذي جعله مستحقا. والعزة تتضمن كمال قدرته، وقوته وقهره. والحكمة تتضمن كمال علمه وخبرته، وأنه أمر ونهي، وخلق وقدر، لما له في ذلك من الحكم والغايات الحميدة التي يستحق عليها كمال الحمد. فاسمه «العزيز» يتضمن الملك. واسمه «الحكيم» يتضمن الحمد. وأول الآية يتضمن التوحيد، وذلك حقيقة «لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له. له الملك وله الحمد، وهو على كل شيء قدير» . وذلك أفضل ما قاله رسول الله ﷺ والنبيون من قبله. و «الحكيم» الذي إذا أمر بأمر كان المأمور به حسنا في نفسه، وإذا نهى عن شيء كان المنهي عنه قبيحا في نفسه، وإذا أخبر بخبر كان صدقا، وإذا فعل فعلا كان صوابا. وإذا أراد شيئا كان أولى بالإرادة من غيره. وهذا الوصف على الكمال: لا يكون إلا لله وحده. فتضمنت هذه الآية وهذه الشهادة وحدانيته المنافية للشرك، وعدله المنافي للظلم، وعزته المنافية للعجز، وحكمته المنافية للجهل والعيب. ففيها: الشهادة له بالتوحيد والعدل والقوة، والعلم والحكمة، ولهذا كانت أعظم شهادة. ولا يقوم بهذه الشهادة على وجهها من جميع الطوائف. إلا أهل السنة، وسائر طوائف أهل البدع لا يقومون بها.