Al-Tafsīr al-Qayyim - Ibn al-Qayyim - (129)

Al-Tafsīr al-QayyimIbn al-Qayyim

understand, using the same expression, ‘You are being called from a distant place.’” He added: “The commentary states: ‘It is as though they are being called from heaven, and so they cannot hear.’” End quote.

The meaning is that they neither hear nor understand, just as someone called from a distant place neither hears nor understands.

As for muteness, Allah Most High says:

“Deaf, mute, and blind.”

The word “mute” here is plural, referring to those who cannot speak.

Muteness is of two kinds: muteness of the heart and muteness of the tongue, just as speech is of two kinds: speech of the heart and speech of the tongue. The more severe of the two is muteness of the heart, just as its blindness and deafness are more severe than blindness of the eyes and deafness of the ears.

Thus Allah, glorified is He, describes them as neither understanding the truth nor speaking it with their tongues.

Knowledge enters through three gateways: a person’s hearing, sight, and heart. These three gateways have been closed to them: hearing is blocked by deafness, sight by blindness, and the heart by muteness. A similar passage is His saying, Most High:

“They have hearts with which they do not understand, eyes with which they do not see, and ears with which they do not hear.”

Allah, glorified is He, brings all three together in His saying:

46:26 “And We gave them hearing, sight, and hearts. Yet their hearing, sight, and hearts were of no benefit to them at all, since they denied Allah’s signs.”

When He, glorified is He, wills to guide a servant, He opens his heart, hearing, and sight. When He wills to lead him astray, He makes him deaf, blind, and mute. Success comes through Allah alone.

2:19 “Or like a rainstorm from the sky, laden with darkness, thunder, and lightning. They put their fingers in their ears against the thunderclaps, in dread of death. But Allah encompasses the disbelievers.”

The rainstorm is rain that pours down swiftly from the sky. It is a likeness of the Quran, through which hearts receive life, just as rain gives life to the earth and vegetation

يفهم كذلك: أنت تنادى من مكان بعيد، قال: وجاء في التفسير: كأنما ينادون من السماء فلا يسمعون. انتهى. والمعنى: أنهم لا يسمعون ولا يفهمون كما أن من دعي من مكان بعيد لا يسمع ولا يفهم. وأما البكم فقال تعالى: صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ والبكم جمع أبكم، وهو الذي لا ينطق. والبكم نوعان. بكم القلب وبكم اللسان، كما أن النطق نطقان: نطق القلب ونطق اللسان. وأشدهما: بكم القلب، كما أن عماه وصممه أشد من عمى العين وصمم الأذن. فوصفهم الله سبحانه بأنهم لا يفقهون الحق، ولا تنطق به ألسنتهم. والعلم يدخل من ثلاثة أبواب: من سمعه، وبصره، وقلبه. وقد سدت عليهم هذه الأبواب الثلاثة، فسد السمع بالصمم، والبصر بالعمى، والقلب بالبكم. ونظيره قوله تعالى: لَهُمْ قُلُوبٌ لا يَفْقَهُونَ بِها، وَلَهُمْ أَعْيُنٌ لا يُبْصِرُونَ بِها، وَلَهُمْ آذانٌ لا يَسْمَعُونَ بِها وقد جمع الله سبحانه بين الثلاثة في قوله: ٤٦: ٢٦ وَجَعَلْنا لَهُمْ سَمْعاً وَأَبْصاراً وَأَفْئِدَةً. فَما أَغْنى عَنْهُمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَلا أَبْصارُهُمْ وَلا أَفْئِدَتُهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ، إِذْ كانُوا يَجْحَدُونَ بِآياتِ اللَّهِ فإذا أراد سبحانه هداية عبد فتح قلبه وسمعه وبصره. وإذا أراد ضلاله أصمه وأعماه وأبكمه وبالله التوفيق. ٢: ١٩ أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّماءِ، فِيهِ ظُلُماتٌ وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ، يَجْعَلُونَ أَصابِعَهُمْ فِي آذانِهِمْ مِنَ الصَّواعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ، وَاللَّهُ مُحِيطٌ بِالْكافِرِينَ. الصيب: المطر الذي يصوب من السماء أي ينزل منها بسرعة، وهو مثل للقرآن الذي به حياة القلوب، كالمطر الذي به حياة الأرض والنبات