Al-Tafsīr al-QayyimIbn al-Qayyim

Ahmad and Tāwūs «1» said: Whoever is compelled by necessity to eat carrion but refuses to eat until he dies will enter the Fire.

This also includes taking medicine when one is certain that it will save one from death, according to the more correct of the two views. If recovery through it is merely considered likely, is taking it recommended, permissible, or better avoided? There is a well-known disagreement on this among earlier and later scholars.

Forbidden tasting includes drinking wine, consuming lethal poisons, and tasting what is prohibited during an obligatory fast.

Disliked tasting includes consuming things of doubtful permissibility, eating beyond one’s needs, and eating food when one unexpectedly comes upon someone eating who had not intended to invite one to join him. It also includes eating food served for show at wedding feasts, other gatherings, and similar occasions.

The Sunan collections report that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) “forbade eating the food of those who compete with one another in ostentation.”

It also includes eating the food of someone who feeds you out of embarrassment rather than willingly.

Recommended tasting includes eating lawful food that helps you obey Allah, Mighty and Majestic; eating with a guest so that he feels at ease and eats his fill; and eating the food offered by a host whose invitation it is obligatory or recommended to accept.

Some jurists have held that eating at a wedding feast whose invitation must be accepted is itself obligatory, because the Lawgiver has commanded it.

(1) He is Imam Tāwūs ibn Kaysān al-Yamānī al-Janadī al-Khawlānī, an eminent figure in both knowledge and practice. He studied under Aisha and others. Amr ibn Dīnār said, “I have never seen anyone like Tāwūs.” When Umar ibn Abd al-Azīz assumed office, Tāwūs wrote to him: “If you wish all your work to be good, appoint righteous people to office.” Umar replied, “That is sufficient admonition.” He died in Mecca while performing Hajj, one day before the Day of Tarwiya, and Hishām ibn Abd al-Malik led his funeral prayer. He was the most knowledgeable of the Successors concerning the lawful and the unlawful. He died in 106 AH. (See Shadharāt al-Dhahab.)
أحمد وطاوس «١» : من اضطر إلى أكل الميتة فلم يأكل حتى مات، دخل النار. ومن هذا: تناول الدواء إذا تيقن به من الهلاك، على أصح القولين. وإن ظن الشفاء به، فهل هو مستحب مباح، أو الأفضل تركه؟ فيه نزاع معروف بين السلف والخلف. والذوق الحرام: كذوق الخمر والسموم القاتلة. والذوق الممنوع منه للصوم الواجب. وأما المكروه: فكذوق المشتبهات، والأكل فوق الحاجة، وذوق طعام الفجاءة، وهو الطعام الذي تفجأ آكله، ولم يرد أن يدعوك إليه، وكأكل أطعمة المرائين في الولائم والدعوات ونحوها، وفي السنن: أن رسول الله ﷺ: «نهى عن طعام المتبارين» وذوق طعام من يطعمك حياء منك لا بطيبة نفس. والذوق المستحب: أكل ما يعينك على طاعة الله ﷿، مما أذن الله فيه. والأكل مع الضيف ليطيب له الأكل، فينال منه غرضه. والأكل من طعام صاحب الدعوة الواجب إجابتها أو المستحب. وقد أوجب بعض الفقهاء الأكل من الوليمة الواجب إجابتها، للأمر به عن الشارع.
(١) هو الإمام طاوس بن كيسان اليماني الجندي الخولاني أحد الأعلام علما وعملا أخذ عن عائشة وطائفة، قال عمرو بن دينار: ما رأيت أحدا قط مثل طاوس، ولما ولي عمر بن عبد العزيز كتب إليه طاوس: إن أردت أن يكون عملك كله خيرا فاستعمل أهل الخير فقال عمر: كفى بها موعظة، توفي حاجا بمكة قبل يوم التروية بيوم وصلّى عليه هشام بن عبد الملك، كان أعلم التابعين بالحلال والحرام. توفي سنة ست ومائة. (انظر شذرات الذهب) .

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