Al-Ahkam al-SultaniyyahAl-Qadi Abu Ya’la Ibn al-Farra

As for retaliation concerning the limbs, every limb severed at a joint is subject to retaliation: a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot, a finger for a finger, a thumb for a thumb, and a tooth for its like. A right hand is not taken for a left hand, nor an upper tooth for a lower tooth; nor is a molar taken for another tooth, or a central incisor for a lateral incisor. Nor is the tooth of someone whose milk teeth have fallen out taken in retaliation for the tooth of someone whose milk tooth has not yet fallen out. A sound hand is not taken for a paralyzed hand, nor a speaking tongue for the tongue of a mute. A writing hand or a skilled working hand is taken in retaliation for the hand of someone who neither writes nor practices a craft. An intact but sightless eye and a paralyzed hand may be taken only for their like. A nose that can smell may be taken in retaliation for an anosmic nose, and a hearing ear for a deaf ear. Retaliation is exacted between an Arab and a non-Arab, and between a person of noble lineage and one of lowly lineage.

If retaliation for these limbs is waived in favor of diyah, the loss of both hands entails the full diyah, and the loss of one entails half the diyah. For each finger, there are ten camels—one-tenth of the diyah. For each phalanx of the fingers, there are three and one-third camels, except for the phalanx of the thumb, for which there are five camels. The diyah for both feet is like that for the hands, except that five camels are due for each of their toe joints.

For both eyes, the full diyah is due. For the four eyelids, the full diyah is due, and for each eyelid, one-quarter of the diyah. For the nose, the full diyah is due; for both ears, the full diyah; and for one ear, half the diyah. For the tongue, the full diyah is due, and for both lips, the full diyah; for one lip, half the diyah. For each tooth, five camels are due. A molar is not valued above another tooth, nor a central incisor above a wisdom tooth.

For the loss of hearing, the full diyah is due, and likewise for the loss of the sense of smell. If he cuts off the ear and thereby causes loss of hearing, two diyahs are due from him. Similarly, if he cuts off the nose and thereby causes loss of smell, two diyahs are due from him. For the loss of speech, the full diyah is due. If he cuts out the tongue and thereby causes loss of speech, only one diyah is due. For the loss of reason, the full diyah is due, and for the penis, the full diyah. For the penis of an intersex person or an impotent man, an assessed compensation fixed at one-third of the diyah is due. For both testicles, the full diyah is due, and for one, half the diyah. For both buttocks, the full diyah is due, and for one, half the diyah. For a woman’s two breasts, her full diyah is due; for one breast, half the diyah. For a man’s two breasts, the full diyah is due.

وَأَمَّا الْقَوَدُ فِي الْأَطْرَافِ فَكُلُّ طَرَفٍ قُطِعَ من مفصل ففيه القود، فتقاد اليد باليد، والرجل بالرجل، والأصبع بالأصبع، والإبهام بالإبها، وَالسِّنِّ بِمِثْلِهَا، وَلَا تُقَادُ يُمْنَى بِيُسْرَى، وَلَا عليا بسفلى، ولا ضرس بسن، لا ثَنِيَّةٌ بِرُبَاعِيَّةٍ، وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ بِسِنِّ مَنْ قَدْ ثغر سن لَمْ يَثْغَرْ. وَلَا تُؤْخَذُ يَدٌ سَلِيمَةٌ بِيَدٍ شلاء، ولا لسان ناطق بأخرس، وَتُؤْخَذُ الْيَدُ الْكَاتِبَةُ وَالصَّانِعَةُ بِيَدِ مَنْ لَيْسَ بكاتب ولا صانع، وَلَا تُؤْخَذُ الْعَيْنُ الْقَائِمَةُ وَالْيَدُ الشَّلَّاءُ إلَّا بمثها. ويقاد أنف الذي يشم بأنف الأخشم، وأذن السميع بأذن الأصم. وَيُقَادُ مِنْ الْعَرَبِيِّ بِالْعَجَمِيِّ، وَمِنْ الشَّرِيفِ بِالدَّنِيءِ. فإن عفي عن القود في هذه الأطراف إلى الدية، ففي اليدين، الدية كاملة، وَفِي إحْدَاهُمَا نِصْفُ الدِّيَةِ، وَفِي كُلِّ أُصْبُعٍ: عُشْرُ الدِّيَةِ، وَهُوَ عَشْرٌ مِنْ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي كل واحدة من أنامل الأصابع: ثلاثة أبعرة وثلث، وإلا أُنْمُلَةَ الْإِبْهَامِ، فَفِيهَا خَمْسٌ مِنْ الْإِبِلِ. وَدِيَةُ الرجلين كاليدين إلَّا فِي أَنَامِلِهِمَا فَيَكُونُ فِي كُلِّ أُنْمُلَةٍ خَمْسٌ مِنْ الْإِبِلِ. وَفِي الْعَيْنَيْنِ: الدِّيَةُ. وَفِي الجفون الأربع: جميع الدية، وفي كل عضو مِنْهَا: رُبْعُ الدِّيَةِ وَفِي الْأَنْفِ: الدِّيَةُ، وَفِي الْأُذُنَيْنِ: الدِّيَةُ، وَفِي إحْدَاهُمَا: نِصْفُ الدِّيَةِ، وَفِي اللسان: الدية وفي الشفتين: الدية، وفي إحداهما نصف الدِّيَةِ، وَفِي كُلِّ سِنٍّ: خَمْسٌ مِنْ الْإِبِلِ، ولا فضل لضرس على سن، ولا لثنية على ناجذ. وفي ذهاب السمع: الدية، وفي ذهاب الشم، الدية، فإن قطع أذنه فأذهب سمعه فعليه ديتان، وكذا لو قطع أنفه فذهب شمه، فعليه ديتان. وفي ذهاب الْكَلَامِ: الدِّيَةُ، فَإِنْ قَطَعَ لِسَانَهُ فَأَذْهَبَ كَلَامَهُ، فعليه دية واحدة، وفي ذهاب العقل: الدية، وفي الذكر: الدية. وفي ذكر الخنثي والعنين حكومة مقدرة بثلث الدية. وَفِي الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ: الدِّيَةُ، وَفِي إحْدَاهُمَا: نِصْفُ الدِّيَةِ، وفي الإليتين: الدية، وفي إحْدَاهُمَا نِصْفُ الدِّيَةِ. وَفِي ثَدْيَيْ الْمَرْأَةِ: دِيَتُهَا، وفي أحدهما: نصف الدية، وفي ثديي الرجل: الدية.

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