“Expel the polytheists from the lands of Arabia.” He said: “The Arabian Peninsula refers only to the territory of the Arabs. As for the region inhabited by the people of al-Sawād and the Persians, that is not the Arabian Peninsula.”

He also said, according to the report of ʿAbd Allāh, concerning the Prophet’s statement, “No two religions shall remain in the Arabian Peninsula”: “Its interpretation is: whatever is not under Persian or Roman control.”

According to the report of Ḥanbal, he said: “ʿUmar said: ‘The Arabian Peninsula’—meaning Madinah and its surrounding areas—because the Prophet instructed that the Jews be expelled from it; therefore, they may not reside there.”