Al-Ahkam al-SultaniyyahAl-Qadi Abu Ya’la Ibn al-Farra

Others stated that the reason for this was that when ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb—may Allah be pleased with him—saw the differing weights of the dirhams, noting that some were baghlī dirhams weighing eight dāniqs, others were Ṭabarī dirhams weighing four dāniqs, and others were Yemeni dirhams weighing one dāniq, he said: “Consider which of the highest and lowest weights people use most commonly in their transactions.” The baghlī dirham and the Ṭabarī dirham were therefore taken together: their combined weight was twelve dāniqs. Half of this was taken, yielding six dāniqs, and the Islamic dirham was thus set at six dāniqs. Whenever three-sevenths of a dirham are added to it, the result is a mithqāl; and whenever three-tenths of a mithqāl are subtracted from it, the result is a dirham. Thus, ten dirhams weigh seven mithqāls, while ten mithqāls weigh fourteen dirhams and two-sevenths.

وَذَكَرَ آخَرُونَ أَنَّ السَّبَبَ فِي ذَلِكَ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁، لَمَّا رَأَى اخْتِلَافَ الدَّرَاهِمِ، وَأَنَّ مِنْهَا الْبَغْلَيَّ وَهُوَ ثمانية دوانيق، ومنها الطبري، وهو أربعة دوانيق، ومنها اليمني هو دانق، قال: انظروا إلى أغلب ما يتعامل الناس به مِنْ أَعْلَاهَا وَأَدْنَاهَا، فَكَانَ الدِّرْهَمُ الْبَغْلِيُّ وَالدِّرْهَمُ الطَّبَرِيُّ فَجَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَكَانَا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دَانَقًا، فأخذ نصفهما فكان ستة دوانيق، فَجَعَلَ الدِّرْهَمَ الْإِسْلَامِيَّ فِي سِتَّةِ دَوَانِيقَ، وَمَتَى زِدْتَ عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْبَاعِهِ كَانَ مِثْقَالًا، وَمَتَى نَقَصْتَ مِنْ الْمِثْقَالِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَعْشَارِهِ كَانَ دِرْهَمًا، فَكُلُّ عَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ سَبْعَةُ مَثَاقِيلَ، وَكُلُّ عَشَرَةِ مثاقيل أربعة عشر درهما وسبعان.

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