except within its capacity. Each soul shall enjoy the good it has earned and shall bear the evil it has incurred.” (al-Baqarah 2:285–286)

In another report—recorded by both al-Bukhārī and Muslim—the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever recites the last two verses of Sūrat al-Baqarah at night, they will suffice him.”

It is also authentically established that he used to recite, in the two supererogatory rakʿahs before Fajr, the two chapters of sincerity: “Say: O disbelievers” and “Say: He is Allah, One.”

At other times he would recite in the first rakʿah the verse of faith found in al-Baqarah: “Say: We believe in Allah and in what has been sent down to us…,” and in the second rakʿah the verse of submission found in Āl ʿImrān: “Say: O People of the Book, come to a word that is just between us and you…” up to His words, “But if they turn away, then say: Bear witness that we are Muslims” (Āl ʿImrān 64).

Likewise, Muslims steer a middle course concerning abrogation (naskh). The Jews claimed that the Lord of the worlds is not allowed to issue a second command that contradicts the first, while the Christians permitted their leaders to