Al-ṢafadiyyahIbn Taimiya

of something outside itself and of a particular condition is, by that very fact, dependent upon a cause. Thus it is clear that the continuance of an originated entity—its remaining in being after it has come to be—owes itself to a cause that sustains its existence, for that existence is not necessary in and of itself. Accordingly, no logician has the right to object and say, “Real possibility belongs only to the state in which the thing is nonexistent; once it comes to be, its existence is necessary.” If such a person still calls the thing “possible,” the designation is no more than a homonymous usage. Our answer to him is this: if actual existence renders the thing necessarily existent, then nonexistence must likewise render it necessarily nonexistent, and possibility would have no place at all. For just as, whenever the thing exists, it is necessary—that is, it must remain in being for as long as it exists—so too, whenever it is nonexistent, it would be necessary—that is, it would remain nonexistent for as long as

فيه إلى غير وشرط فهو محتاج فيه إلى سبب فقد بان أن ثبات الحادث ووجوده بعد الحدوث بسبب يمد وجوده فإن وجوده هو بنفسه غير واجب فليس لأحد من المنطقيين أن يعترض علينا فنقول إن الإمكان الحقيقي هو الكائن في حال العدم للشيء وإن كل ما يوجد فوجوده ضروري فإن قيل له ممكن فباشتراك الاسم فإنه يقال له إن كان الحصول يلحقه بالضروري الوجود فإن العدم أيضا يجب أن يلحقه بالضروري العدم ولا يحفظ عليه الإمكان فإنه كما أنه متى كان موجودا كان واجبا أي يكون موجودا ما دام موجودا كذلك متى كان معدوما كان واجبا أي يكون معدوما ما دام

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