For this reason those who objected to the foregoing did so only because they deemed action in pre-eternity impossible: either because, in their view, an infinite chain of events is impossible, or because they considered action incompatible with eternality, or for some other pretext. In any case, it remains impossible for any particular thing within the universe to be eternal. Likewise, if His acting is assumed to be perpetual, it is so by His choice and power; no second act occurs except after a first, and by the necessity of His essence He does not confer pre-eternal existence upon any act, nor is any act itself ancient and eternal.
Actions are of two kinds: intrinsic (lāzim) and transitive (mutaʿaddī). An intrinsic act does not require an object acted upon, whereas a transitive act does. If what is everlasting consists only of intrinsic acts and the transitive acts occur after not having existed, no object acted upon needs to be affirmed as eternal. Even if the perpetual act is itself transitive and entails an effect, since the act brings things into being successively, its concomitant effect must likewise come to be successively—for the existence of what is conditional without its condition is impossible.
Thus, on every supposition, no specific act or effect must accompany Him in pre-eternity; nothing in the cosmos is co-eternal with Him, even if He is conceived to have been perpetually acting—exalted is He. By this line of reasoning we confirm the existence of the Eternal who originates events and the createdness of everything else, without needing the method of necessity and possibility or the method of substances and accidents.
This may also be framed in terms of necessity by saying: it has been established that existence is divided into that which is necessary in itself and that which is possible. What is undeniably possible are the temporal events, for we know they come into existence after not existing; therefore both their existence and non-existence are possible. As for that whose existence alone is known, we must establish its possibility by some other means.