—and Hammām.’ This corresponds to their statement that man is a creature who moves by his own volition. Possessing a will, he inevitably acts upon it, and so he must determine whether what he desires will benefit or harm him, whether it will set him aright or lead to his ruin.

Part of that knowledge people grasp by pure instinct, just as they recognize the usefulness of eating and drinking, and just as they apprehend certain self-evident truths by their natural disposition. Part of it they ascertain through reasoning, guided by their intellects. And part of it they can never know except through the messengers’ instruction, clarification, and guidance.