attributes. Indeed, one of the boldest assertions ever reported is that of the dualists, who speak of two original principles—light and darkness. They claim that light created good, while darkness created evil. Concerning darkness itself they transmit two views: according to the first, it is originated and therefore one of the beings created by Him; according to the second, it is eternal, yet it produces only evil, making it inferior in its essence, its attributes, and its actions when compared with light.

Allah has told us that even the idolaters concede He is the Creator of all beings, as He makes plain in His Book:

“If you were to ask them, ‘Who created the heavens and the earth?’ they would surely say, ‘Allah.’ Say, ‘Have you then considered what you invoke besides Allah? If Allah intended harm for me, could they remove His harm? Or if He intended mercy for me, could they withhold His mercy? Say, ‘Allah is sufficient for me; in Him those who trust place their trust.’” (Q 39:38)

He also says:

“Say, ‘To whom belongs the earth and whoever is in it, if you know?’ They will say, ‘To Allah.’ Say, ‘Will you not then take heed?’ Say, ‘Who is the Lord of the seven heavens and the Lord of the Mighty Throne?’ They will say, ‘Allah.’ Say, ‘Will you not then fear Him?’ Say, ‘In whose hand is the dominion of all things, who grants protection and none can protect against Him…’” (Q 23:84-88)