Al-TadmuriyyaIbn Taimiya

[Objection]
If it is said, “Whenever a thing resembles another in some respect, then whatever is possible for that other in that respect is likewise possible for it, whatever is necessary for the other becomes necessary for it, and whatever is impossible for the other becomes impossible for it,”

[Response]
we reply: Granted, let us assume that rule holds. Even so, if the shared element does not oblige us to affirm for the Lord—exalted is He—anything that is impossible for Him, nor to deny anything that is His due, then no contradiction follows. Consider, for instance, that we describe Him as existent, living, all-knowing, all-hearing, and all-seeing, while certain creatures are also called living, knowing, hearing, and seeing. Should someone object, “Then, by virtue of His being existent, living, knowing, hearing, and seeing, whatever is possible for those creatures must likewise be possible for Him,” we answer: The consequences that pertain to that common attribute do not apply to the Lord Most High, for it does not entail temporal origination, contingency, deficiency, or anything else that conflicts with the attributes of Lordship.

The attribute they share is nothing more than the notion expressed by the words “existence” or “existent,” “life” or “living,” “knowledge” or “knower,”

[اعتراض] فإن قيل: إن الشيء إذا شابه غيره من وجه جاز عليه ما يجوز عليه من ذلك الوجه، ووجب له ما وجب له، وامتنع عليه ما امتنع عليه. [الجواب عنه] قيل: هب أن الأمر كذلك، ولكن إذا كان ذلك القدر المشترك لا يستلزم إثبات ما يمتنع على الرب ﷾، ولا نفي ما يستحقه لم يكن ممتنعًا؛ كما إذا قيل: إنه موجود حي عليم سميع بصير وقد سمى بعض المخلوقات حيًا عليمًا سميعًا بصيرًا، فإذا قيل: يلزم أن يجوز عليه ما يجوز على ذلك من جهة كونه موجودًا حيًا عليما سميعًا بصيرًا. قيل لازم هذا القدر المشترك ليس ممتنعًا على الرب تعالى؛ فإن ذلك لا يقتضي حدوثًا، ولا إمكانًا، ولا نقصًا، ولا شيئًا مما ينافي صفات الربوبية. وذلك أن القدر المشترك هو مسمى «الوجود» أو «الموجود» ، أو «الحياة» أو «الحي» ، أو «العلم» أو «العليم» ،

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