68 — Thus the muʾadhdhin (caller to prayer) begins by proclaiming, “Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar” (Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest); then he declares, “ashhadu an lā ilāha illā Allāh” (I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah); and he ends the adhān with, “Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar; lā ilāha illā Allāh” (Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest; there is no deity but Allah).

69 — In the same way, the takbīrs recited when one ascends high ground and the takbīrs of the two festivals are opened with the proclamation of God’s greatness and concluded with the testimony of His oneness; the takbīr, then, is the ground-cloth on which they are spread.

70 — The pairing of tasbīḥ with taḥmīd follows the same pattern: “subḥān Allāh wa bi-ḥamdih” (Glory be to Allah and praise is His). Allah says, “and glorify your Lord with praise” (20:130). Tasbīḥ negates every defect or imperfection, while taḥmīd affirms the qualities of perfection for which He is praised.