Their chief proof is the tradition recorded from ʿAmr ibn Ḥazm in which the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said:

“Compensation for each finger is ten camels.”

ʿAmr ibn Shuʿayb, through his father from his grandfather, likewise reports that “the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—awarded for the fingers one-tenth of the diyah.” ʿAlī, Ibn Masʿūd, and Ibn ʿAbbās all concur with this ruling. In their view it applies to those who pay in silver: each scholar calculates it according to the diyah he adopts in dirhams—so if he considers the diyah to be twelve thousand dirhams, the finger is valued at one-tenth of that amount, and if he holds it to be ten thousand, then one-tenth of that is paid.

Reports from the earliest generation differ over the blood money of the fingers. It is related that ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb fixed for the thumb and the finger next to it half a diyah each; for the middle finger ten prescribed camels, for the ring finger nine, and for the little finger six. Mujāhid is reported to have said: the thumb is fifteen camels, the index finger ten, the middle finger ten, the ring finger eight, and the little finger seven.

As for the collarbone and the rib, the majority of jurists in the various centres hold that they are compensated by discretionary assessment (ḥukūmah), though some of the early scholars set fixed amounts. Mālik relates that ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb ruled one camel for a molar tooth, one camel for a rib, and one camel for a collarbone. Saʿīd ibn Jubayr said the collarbone is two camels, while Qatādah said four. The jurists of the cities rely on the principle that any injury for which no definite amount is authentically established from the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—remains subject only to discretionary assessment.

The overwhelming majority further maintain that every tooth in the mouth carries five camels in compensation, a view also held by Ibn ʿAbbās. Mālik reports from ʿUmar that he set the molar at a single camel—provided the tooth is not one of the front teeth; for the front teeth there is no disagreement that the blood money is five camels. Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyib said the molars are two camels.

ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān relates that Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam once objected to Ibn ʿAbbās, asking: “Do you make the front teeth equal to the molars?” Ibn ʿAbbās replied, “If one looked only at the fingers, their diyah is identical.”

The majority’s foundation here is the authenticated statement of the Prophet—upon him be blessings and peace—who said:

“For a tooth, five camels,”

as transmitted by ʿAmr ibn Shuʿayb through his father from his grandfather. The term “tooth” indisputably covers those at the front and the back of the mouth alike. It is further likened to the fingers, whose compensations are equal even though their functions differ. Those who differentiate between the teeth argue that the Law itself prescribes varying diyahs to match the varying importance of the limbs; they add that the early authorities who adopted this distinction did so on the basis of direct instruction.

For all of these limbs—whose diyah is owed when they are injured unintentionally—retaliation (qiṣāṣ) is available when they are deliberately severed or uprooted.