The reports affirming that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—performed ifrād are transmitted from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh through numerous sound, mutawātir chains. This is likewise the position adopted by Abū Bakr, ʿUmar, ʿUthmān, ʿĀʾishah, and Jābir.

Those who hold that the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—performed tamattuʿ cite as proof the narration recorded by al-Layth from ʿUqayl, from Ibn Shihāb al-Zuhrī, from Sālim, from Ibn ʿUmar, who said:

“During the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—performed tamattuʿ, combining ʿumrah with Hajj; he offered a sacrifice and drove the animals with him from Dhū l-Ḥulayfah.”

This is the opinion of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, Ibn ʿAbbās, and Ibn al-Zubayr. As for ʿĀʾishah, the reports from her differ between tamattuʿ and ifrād.

Those who argue that the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—was a qārin rely on numerous ḥadīths, among them:

• The ḥadīth of Ibn ʿAbbās, from ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, who said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—say in the valley of al-ʿAqīq: ‘Last night a messenger from my Lord came to me and said, “Enter into iḥrām in this blessed valley and declare: ʿUmrah within a Hajj.”’” (Recorded by al-Bukhārī.)

• The ḥadīth of Marwān b. al-Ḥakam: “I was present with ʿUthmān and ʿAlī when ʿUthmān was forbidding tamattuʿ and the combining of the two rites. When ʿAlī saw this, he entered iḥrām for both and said, ‘Here I am, O Allah, for an ʿumrah and a Hajj. I will never abandon the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—for the statement of anyone.’” (Recorded by al-Bukhārī.)

• The ḥadīth of Anas, also recorded by al-Bukhārī: he said, “I heard the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—say: ‘Here I am for an ʿumrah and a Hajj.’”

• The ḥadīth related by Mālik from Ibn Shihāb, from ʿUrwah, from ʿĀʾishah: “We set out with the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—during the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage and entered iḥrām for an ʿumrah. Then the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said: ‘Whoever has brought a sacrificial animal with him, let him enter iḥrām for the Hajj along with the ʿumrah, and he must not come out of iḥrām until he has completed them both together.’” They argue that it is well known the Prophet—peace be upon him—had sacrificial animals with him; it is therefore implausible that he would instruct those who possessed such animals to perform qirān while he himself had animals yet was not performing qirān.

• The ḥadīth of Mālik, from Nāfiʿ, from ʿUmar, from Ḥafṣah, from the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—who said: “I have garlanded my sacrificial animal and applied unguent to my hair, so I shall not exit iḥrām until I have slaughtered my offering.”

Aḥmad said: “I have no doubt that the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—was a qārin, yet tamattuʿ is dearer to me.” He based his preference on the Prophet’s statement, peace and blessings be upon him: “Had I known then what I have come to know now, I would not have driven the animals; rather, I would have made it an ʿumrah.”