Other scholars—and the later adherents of Mālik in particular—favoured the practice of tarjiʿ: one first recites the two testimonies twice in a low voice, then repeats them a second time aloud.
The second form
is the Adhān of the people of Mecca, the form adopted by al-Shāfiʿī. In it the opening takbīr and the two testimonies are each said four times, while the remainder of the Adhān is said twice.
The third form
is the Adhān of the Kufans, endorsed by Abū Ḥanīfah. It begins with the takbīr four times and the rest of the Adhān is pronounced twice.
The fourth form
is the Adhān of the Basrans. Here the opening takbīr is said four times, whereas the two testimonies and the phrases “Come to prayer” and “Come to success” are each said three times. The caller begins with “I bear witness that there is no god but Allah” and continues to “Come to success,” then repeats these four phrases a second time, and—meaning the same set of four phrases—repeats them a third time. This was also the view of al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī and Ibn Sīrīn.
The reason these four groups differ lies in the divergent narrations that have reached them and in the continuous local practice each community has observed. Thus the people of Madinah appeal to their unbroken practice; the Meccans do likewise; and so, too, the Kufans and the Basrans—each supported by reports that back his position.
As for saying the opening takbīr twice, the Ḥijāzī position, there are sound chains that trace it to Abū Maḥdhūrah and ʿAbd Allāh b. Zayd al-Anṣārī. Quadrupling the takbīr is likewise reported from Abū Maḥdhūrah through other routes and from ʿAbd Allāh b. Zayd.
Al-Shāfiʿī remarked, “These are additional elements that must be accepted, given the uninterrupted practice of them in Mecca.”
The tarjiʿ adopted by the later Mālikīs is transmitted through the route of Abū Qudāmah; Abū ʿUmar, however, notes that Abū Qudāmah is regarded by them as weak.
The Kufans rely on the ḥadīth of Abū Laylā, which states: “ʿAbd Allāh b. Zayd saw in a dream a man standing on a breach in a wall, wearing two green garments. The man called the Adhān in pairs and pronounced the Iqāmah in pairs. When ʿAbd Allāh b. Zayd related this to the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—Bilāl stood and called the Adhān in pairs and pronounced the Iqāmah in pairs.”
What al-Bukhārī records in this chapter, however, is only the report of Anas, namely: