Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (2/387)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

one hundred and twenty-five, the two would each recover four and one-sixth from him, so that all three would have borne equal amounts under their guarantees. This is because, on this reckoning, the first and third have paid a total of one hundred and seventy-five under their guarantees—eighty-seven and a half each—whereas the second has paid seventy-five under his guarantee. Once they each recover four and one-sixth from him, all three will have borne equal amounts under their guarantees, each having paid eighty-three and one-third.

Section

If the fourth man, from whom fifty was recovered, encounters either of the remaining two, he would, on this reckoning, recover eighteen and three-quarters from him. He would say to him: “I have paid fifty. Twenty-five of that is my own liability, for which I have no recourse against anyone. The other twenty-five I paid under my guarantee on behalf of you and your absent fellow purchaser—twelve and a half for each of you. So repay me the twelve and a half I paid towards your own share, together with six and a quarter, being half the twelve and a half I paid on behalf of your absent fellow purchaser under my guarantee, since you share with me in guaranteeing his debt.” He would thus recover eighteen and three-quarters from him, as we have stated.

Section

If this fifth man, from whom eighteen and three-quarters was recovered, encounters the remaining one of the six, he would recover only the six and a quarter he paid on his behalf. The twelve and a half he paid was solely on his own behalf, so he has no recourse against anyone for it. These three cases are not mentioned in the book. Applying this same reasoning and procedure, the first, second, and third would recover from the fourth, fifth, and sixth the amounts they paid on their behalf towards their own shares of the debt, together with the amounts due from them towards what was paid on behalf of their fellow purchasers under the guarantee. This applies whether they encounter them separately or together, until all have paid equal amounts, each having paid one hundred, as was due from him under the original debt.

بمائة وخمسة وعشرين رجعا عليه بأربعة وسدس أربعة وسدس فيعتدلون ثلاثتهم فيما غرموا بالحمالة، وذلك أن الأول والثالث غرما بالحمالة على هذا مائة وخمسة وسبعين - سبعة وثمانين ونصفا، كل واحد منهما، وغرم الثاني بالحمالة خمسة وسبعين؛ فإذا رجعا عليه بأربعة وسدس أربعة وسدس، اعتدلوا ثلاثتهم فيما غرموا بالحمالة وكان كل واحد منهم قد أدى بها ثلاثة وثمانين وثلثا. فصل فإن لقي الرابع المأخوذ منه خمسون أحد الاثنين الباقيين رجع عليه على هذا الترتيب بثمانية عشر وثلاثة أرباع، لأنه يقول له غرمت أنا خمسين خمسة وعشرون منها واجبة علي لا أرجع بها على أحد، وخمسة وعشرون بالحمالة عنك وعن صاحبك الغائب، الباقي اثنا عشر ونصف - على كل واحد منكما، فادفع إلي الاثني عشر ونصفا التي أديت عنك في خاصتك وستة وربعا نصف الاثني عشر ونصف عن صاحبك الغائب بالحمالة، لأنك حميل معي به، فيأخذ منه ثمانية عشر وثلاثة أرباع على ما قلناه. فصل وإن لقي هذا الخامس المأخوذ منه ثمانية عشر وثلاثة أرباع الباقي من الستة، رجع عليه بستة وربع التي أدى عنه لا غير؛ لأن الاثني عشر ونصفا إنما أداها عن نفسه فلا يرجع بها على أحد، وهذه الثلاثة الأوجه لم يذكرها في الكتاب، وعلى هذا القياس والعمل، يرجع الأول والثاني والثالث على الرابع وعلى الخامس وعلى السادس بما أدوا عنه مما يجب عليهم في خاصتهم، وبما يجب عليهم مما أدوه عن أصحابهم بالحمالة، لقوهم مفترقين أو مجتمعين حتى يستووا فيما أدوا، فيكون كل واحد منهم قد أدى بمائة كما وجب عليه من أصل الدين.