Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (2/374)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

meaning the one who undertakes to speak for them, takes the lead in doing so, and acts on their behalf.

Concerning the term kafīl (guarantor), Allah, Most High, says:

“While you have made Allah your guarantor.” [al-Nahl: 91]

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Allah has undertaken, for anyone who fights in His cause, leaving his home solely to fight in His cause and seek His pleasure, either to admit him to Paradise or to return him to the dwelling from which he set out, with whatever reward or spoils he has gained.”

He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, also related: “A man from the Children of Israel asked another Israelite to lend him a thousand dinars. He said, ‘Bring me witnesses whom I can call upon to witness this.’ The man replied, ‘Allah is sufficient as a witness.’ He said, ‘Then bring me a guarantor.’ The man replied, ‘Allah is sufficient as a guarantor.’ He said, ‘You have spoken the truth,’ and handed him the money, to be repaid at an appointed time.

“The borrower set out to sea and attended to his business. He then sought a vessel to take him back to the lender by the appointed time, but could find none. So he took a piece of wood, hollowed it out, and placed inside it a thousand dinars and a letter from himself to the lender. Then he sealed the opening, brought it to the sea, and said, ‘O Allah, You know that I borrowed a thousand dinars from so-and-so. He asked me for a guarantor, and I said, “Allah is sufficient as a guarantor,” and he accepted You. He asked me for witnesses, and I said, “Allah is sufficient as a witness,” and he accepted You. I have striven to find a vessel by which to send him what he is owed, but have been unable to find one. I now entrust it to You.’ He cast it into the sea, and it disappeared into the water. Meanwhile, he continued looking for a vessel to take him back to his own land.

“The man who had lent him the money went out to see whether a vessel might have arrived with his money. There he found the piece of wood containing the money, and took it home to his family for firewood. When he sawed it open, he found the money and the letter.

“Then the borrower arrived, bringing a thousand dinars, and said, ‘By Allah, I have been striving all this time to find a vessel so that I could bring you

أي من يتحمل الكلام- عنهم، ويتقدم فيه دونهم، وينوب فيه منابهم؛ وقال تعالى في الكفيل: ﴿وَقَدْ جَعَلْتُمُ اللَّهَ عَلَيْكُمْ كَفِيلا﴾ [النحل: ٩١]، وقال رسول الله ﷺ: «تكفل الله لمن جاهد في سبيله لا يخرجه من بيته إلا الجهاد في سبيله وابتغاء مرضاته: أن يدخله الجنة أو يرده إلى مسكنه الذي خرج منه مع ما نال من أجر أو غنيمة». وذكر ﷺ: «أن رجلا من بني إسرائيل سأل بعض بني إسرائيل أن يسلفه ألف دينار، فقال: ائتني بالشهداء أشهدهم، فقال: كفى بالله شهيدا؛ قال: ائتني بالكفيل، قال: كفى بالله كفيلا؛ قال صدقت؛ فدفعها إليه إلى أجل مسمى، فخرج في البحر فقضى حاجته، ثم التمس مركبا يركبه يقدم عليه للأجل الذي أجله، فلم يجد مركبا؛ فأخذ خشبة فنقرها فأدخل فيها ألف دينار وصحيفة منه إلى صاحبها، ثم زجج موضعها، ثم أتى بها إلى البحر، فقال: اللهم إنك تعلم أني تسلفت فلانا ألف دينار فسألني كفيلا فقلت: كفى بالله كفيلا، فرضي بك؛ وسألني شهودا فقلت: كفى بالله شهيدا فرضي بك، وإني جهدت أن أجد مركبا أبعث إليه الذي له؛ فلم أقدر عليه؛ وإني استودعتكها فرمى بها في البحر حتى ولجت فيه- وهو في ذلك يلتمس مركبا يخرج إلى بلده؛ فخرج الرجل الذي كان أسلفه ينظر لعل مركبا قد جاء بماله، فإذا بالخشبة التي فيها المال، فأخذها لأهله حطبا؛ فلما نشرها وجد المال والصحيفة؛ ثم قدم الذي كان أسلفه، فأتى بالألف دينار وقال: والله ما زلت جاهدا في طلب مركب لآتيك