on account of the sanctity of emancipation—though this is far-fetched. If, however, the master rejects the act and the property remains in the slave’s possession, undisposed of, until he himself is emancipated, nothing becomes binding upon him. This is stated in al-Mudawwana concerning gifts and charitable donations; emancipation is treated analogously, without the disagreement that arises in the wife’s case. And Allah knows best.
As for a person lacking sound financial judgment, he is not obliged to carry out such a disposition after gaining control of his own affairs, whether his guardian previously rejected it or not. There is disagreement, however, if it involved an oath which he broke after gaining control of his own affairs. There are also two views on whether the heirs may reject the disposition if it remains unknown until his death. Ibn Habīb related both views in al-Wādiha.
Section
A person’s dispositions of his property are valid only if he meets four conditions: puberty, freedom, full mental capacity, and sound financial judgment. Freedom is required because a slave’s ownership of his property is not secure, since his master may take it from him. His master’s right of ownership thus restricts his disposal of it. This has already been discussed in full.
As for sound financial judgment, Allah, exalted is He, has made wealth the foundation of livelihood, a means of sustaining life, and a source of well-being in religious and worldly affairs. Out of care and compassion for His servants, He has forbidden its waste and its dissipation on improper purposes. He says:
“Do not squander wastefully.” [Al-Isrā’: 26]
“Indeed, the squanderers are brothers of the devils.” [Al-Isrā’: 27]
He also says:
“And those who, when they spend, are neither extravagant nor miserly, but keep a just balance between the two.” [Al-Furqān: 67]
He has commanded us not to give those lacking sound financial judgment control over wealth, safeguarding it against being squandered and spent on improper purposes. Thus, the Most High says:
“Do not give those of unsound judgment your wealth which Allah has made a means of support for you, but provide for them from it, clothe them, and speak kindly to them.” [Al-Nisā’: 5]
He also says:
“Test the orphans until they reach marriageable age. Then, if you find sound judgment in them, hand over their property to them.” [Al-Nisā’: 6]
As for the requirement of puberty and full mental capacity,