the aforementioned book. He also said that he should be told: “You have forfeited your trustworthiness; perhaps you are favouring this man or courting his favour so that he will return it to you…”
The third is that, if there is evidence establishing the original qirād investment or deposit, his assertion that this is that same property is accepted. If there is no evidence establishing its origin, his assertion is not accepted. This is Abū Zayd’s transmission from Ibn al-Qāsim in the aforementioned book.
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The stage of insolvency proceedings at which his acknowledgment ceases to be admissible is when his creditors proceed against him and have him imprisoned, or proceed against him but cannot find him because he has gone into hiding. Muhammad said: They must also prevent him from disposing of his property through buying, selling, receiving or giving. If, however, none of them has evidence, his acknowledgment is valid in favour of those whom he names, provided the acknowledgments are made at a single sitting or close together in time. Ibn Habīb said: Even if those in whose favour he makes the acknowledgments are people whom he might be suspected of favouring. It is also valid if the claims of those who have evidence do not exhaust his property, or if he makes his acknowledgment when proceedings are first brought against him, before he submits and falls silent, since he can do no more than this.
It has also been related from Mālik that an insolvent debtor’s acknowledgment is valid in favour of someone known to have sought repayment from him and to have had credit transactions and financial dealings with him, subject to that person’s oath. He then shares proportionately with those whose claims are supported by evidence. There is a basis for this view.
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As for the second division—distinguishing the property over which his power of disposal is restricted and which the creditors share proportionately from what is left to him—al-Mudawwana states: He is left enough for himself and his family to live on for a few days. In al-Wādiha, the well-known position is similar. Al-ʿUtbiyya states: For himself and his young child. His clothing is also left to him, unless there is