Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (2/304)

then placed his palm on his forehead and said, ‘Glory be to Allah! What a stern warning Allah has revealed concerning debt!’” Or he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “A debtor will be held captive on the Day of Resurrection because of his debt.” He, peace be upon him, also said: “A believer’s soul remains suspended because of his debt”—or he said, “as long as he owes a debt, until it is paid on his behalf.”

He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Who here belongs to the clan of so-and-so?” No one answered him. He repeated the question, but no one answered. He repeated it again, but no one answered. He repeated it once more, but no one answered. Then a man stood up, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked him, “What prevented you from answering?” He replied, “I feared that Quranic revelation concerning us had come down from Allah.” He said, “I would only call any of you for something good. But your companion has been barred from Paradise because of a debt he owes.”

He also said to Saʿd ibn al-Atwal: “Your brother is detained because of his debt, so repay it on his behalf.”

These statements may concern only those who borrow for extravagance or unlawful wrongdoing, or those who borrow knowing that they cannot meet their obligations, since anyone who does this has deliberately set out to consume other people’s wealth. It has also been said that all these statements concerning debt were made by the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, before Allah granted him conquests and before He prescribed zakat for the people. Then, when Allah Most High revealed Sūrat Barā’a, prescribing zakat in it and allotting a share of it to the Persian, and revealed the verse concerning spoils obtained without fighting and the one-fifth share, assigning a portion to the needy and the wayfarer, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Whoever leaves wealth, it belongs to his heirs; whoever leaves a debt, its repayment falls to me.”

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Thus, if someone borrows for a permissible purpose, believing that he can meet his obligations, but is overwhelmed by debt and does not

ثم وضع راحته على جبهته ثم قال سبحان الله ماذا أنزل الله من التشديد في الدين» أو قال ﷺ: «صاحب الدين مأسور يوم القيامة بالدين» وقال ﵇ «نفس المؤمن معلقة بدينه» أو قال: «ما كان عليه دين حتى يقضى عنه» وقال ﷺ: «من كان هاهنا من بني فلان؟ " فلم يجبه أحد، ثم قالها فلم يجبه أحد ثم قالها فلم يجبه أحد، ثم قالها فلم يجبه أحد؛ فقام رجل، فقال له رسول الله- ﷺ: "ما منعك أن تجيب؛ " فقال خشيت أن يكون نزل فينا من الله قرآن، فقال: "لم أكن لأدعو أحدا منكم إلا إلى خير، ولكن صاحبكم حبس بدين عليه دون الجنة». «وقال لسعد بن الأطول: " إن أخاك محبوس في دينه فاقض عنه». فيحتمل أن تكون هذه الأشياء إنما وردت فيمن تداين في سرف أو فساد غير مباح، أو فيمن تداين وهو يعلم أن ذمته لا تفي بما تداين به؛ لأنه متى فعل ذلك فقد قصد إلى استهلاك أموال الناس؛ وقد قيل: إن هذا كله كان من النبي ﷺ في الدين قبل أن يفتح الله عليه الفتوحات، وقبل أن يفرض على الناس الزكوات؛ فما أنزل الله تعالى براءة، ففرض فيها الزكوات وجعل منها للفارسي سهما، وأنزل آية الفيء والخمس، فجعل فيها حقا للمساكين وابن السبيل، قال حينئذ النبي ﷺ «من ترك مالا فلورثته ومن ترك دينا فعلي». فصل فكل من ادَّان في مباح وهو يرى أن ذمته تفي بما ادَّان به فغلبه الدين فلم