the buyer. According to Ibn al-Qāsim, if the seller has not received the price, it is given in charity as a disciplinary measure against him; if he has received it, it is left with him. According to Sahnūn, it is given in charity as a disciplinary measure against him, whether or not the seller has received it.

Another view is that it is destroyed at the seller’s expense, the sale is annulled, and the buyer’s obligation to pay the price lapses if he has not paid it. If he has paid it, however, it is destroyed at the buyer’s expense, and the seller retains the price; it is not taken from him. This is Ibn Abī Habīb’s position in al-Wādiha.

If the transaction is not discovered until the Muslim has taken possession of the wine and it is no longer recoverable, the price is taken from him and given in charity to the poor as a disciplinary measure against him, if he has not already paid it to the Christian. If he has paid it, it is left with the Christian and is not taken from him, according to Ibn al-Qāsim and Ibn Habīb. According to Sahnūn, it is given in charity in either case as a disciplinary measure against him.

And Allah, glorified and exalted be He, grants success.