the very same ten ardabs that he sold him return to him and thus have no effective role in the transaction.

(The tenth) is to buy back a greater quantity of food, after the buyer has taken it away, for a higher price paid in cash. For example, he sells him ten ardabs for ten dirhams payable later, then, after the buyer has taken the food away, buys twenty ardabs from him for twenty dirhams in cash. This involves a sale combined with a loan, because he lent him the ten ardabs that he took away, together with ten of the twenty dirhams paid to him in cash, on condition that he buy the additional ten ardabs of food from him for the additional ten dirhams in the price.

(The eleventh) is the same case, except that he offsets ten of the twenty dirhams against the ten dirhams owed to him as the price of the food, and pays him only ten dirhams in cash. This is impermissible and also involves a sale combined with a loan, because it is as though he had lent him the ten ardabs that he took away on condition that he buy the additional ten ardabs of food from him for the additional ten dirhams in the price.

(The twelfth) is the same case, except that the buyer has not taken the food away, and the seller buys back that very food from him, together with another ten ardabs, for twenty dirhams in cash. This too is impermissible and also involves a sale combined with an advance, because it is as though he had lent him ten of the twenty dirhams, to be recovered from him when payment falls due, on condition that the buyer sell him the additional ten ardabs of food for the additional ten dirhams in the price. The very same ten ardabs that return to him have no effective role in the transaction, as though they had never been part of it.

(The thirteenth) is to buy back a smaller quantity of food, after the buyer has taken it away, for a lower price paid in cash. For example, he sells him ten ardabs for ten dirhams payable later and food, then, after the buyer has taken the food away, buys five ardabs from him for five dirhams in cash. This involves the exchange of food for food, and of gold for gold payable later and food. It also involves a sale combined with a loan, because the five ardabs that return to the seller are as though they were a loan he had made to the buyer. The five dirhams he now pays in cash are likewise as though they were a loan that he will recover when payment falls due. For the five ardabs remaining with the original buyer, the seller receives the five dirhams over and above the amount he paid in cash. It is thus as though the original seller had lent the original buyer five ardabs and five dirhams