and the exchange of dirhams and food for dirhams and food payable later, because their dealings ultimately amount to the original seller giving the original buyer ten ardabs and ten dirhams immediately in return for twenty ardabs and ten dirhams payable later. The two parties are therefore suspected of intending this outcome.

(The fifth) is the same case, except that he offsets the ten dirhams against the ten rather than paying them to him in cash. This is impermissible and involves an increase in repayment of a loan, because he gave him ten ardabs, which he benefited from before returning twenty ardabs. The two prices have no effective role, since they cancel each other out. The two parties are therefore suspected of intending this outcome.

(The sixth) is the same case, except that the buyer has not taken the food away, and the seller buys back that very food from him, together with another ten ardabs, for ten dirhams in cash. This too is impermissible and involves an increase in repayment of a loan, because he pays him ten dirhams in cash and receives ten dirhams from him when payment falls due. It is thus as though he had lent him that sum on condition that he give him an additional ten ardabs of food, since the very same ten ardabs that he sold him return to him and thus have no effective role in the transaction.

(The seventh) is to buy back a greater quantity of food, after the buyer has taken it away, for a lower price paid in cash. For example, he sells him ten ardabs for ten dirhams payable later, then, after the buyer has taken the food away, buys twenty ardabs from him for five dirhams in cash. This too is impermissible and involves an increase in repayment of a loan, and the exchange of dirhams and food for dirhams and food payable later. This is because the original seller gave the original buyer [ten] ardabs, which he benefited from before returning twenty ardabs. He also paid him five dirhams in cash on condition that he receive ten dirhams from him when payment falls due. The two parties are therefore suspected of intending this outcome.

(The eighth) is the same case, except that he offsets the five dirhams against the ten rather than paying them to him in cash. This is impermissible and involves an increase in repayment of a loan, because their dealings ultimately amount to his giving him ten ardabs, which he benefited from, and then receiving twenty ardabs from him. He also receives five dirhams from him when payment falls due, while the other five are cancelled by offsetting. It is thus as though he had lent him ten ardabs on condition that he repay him twenty ardabs and five dirhams.

(The ninth) is the same case, except that the buyer has not taken the food away, and the seller buys back that very food from him, together with another ten ardabs, for five dirhams in cash. This is impermissible and involves an increase in repayment of a loan, because their dealings ultimately amount to his paying him five dirhams in cash in return for ten dirhams payable later and ten ardabs delivered immediately, because