Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/69)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

when pleasure is experienced or intended, subject to the disagreement on this matter. It also includes a man touching his penis, a woman touching her private parts, and thoughts accompanied by sexual desire, according to those who hold that these require ablution. The underlying reason for requiring ablution in all these cases is the concern that pleasure may have displaced pre-seminal fluid and caused it to enter the urethra without the person realizing it. These, then, are the views concerning the causes of ritual impurity that require ablution, presented in summary. They will be explained in detail in their respective places, if Allah Most High wills.

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For these nine things to make ablution obligatory, five conditions must be met: being Muslim, having reached puberty, being of sound mind, the cessation of menstrual and postnatal bleeding, and the onset of the time for prayer.

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The basis for ablution being obligatory on account of these nine things, subject to these five conditions, is the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic:

“O you who believe, when you rise for prayer, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, wipe your heads, and wash your feet up to the ankles. If you are in a state of major ritual impurity, purify yourselves. But if you are ill, on a journey, have relieved yourselves, or have touched women, and cannot find water, then seek clean earth and wipe your faces and hands with it.” [Al-Mā’idah: 6]

A command indicates obligation. Those among our scholars who maintain that it does not indicate obligation nevertheless agree with us that Allah Most High’s command to perform ablution imposes an obligation, because of the reports transmitted from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, which make this clear and remove any ambiguity. These include his saying, may Allah bless him and grant him peace:

“Allah does not accept prayer without purification, nor charity from misappropriated wealth.”

And his saying, may Allah bless him and grant him peace:

“Allah does not accept the prayer of any of you who has entered a state of ritual impurity until he performs ablution.”

And his saying, may Allah bless him and grant him peace:

“Allah does not accept a person’s prayer until he applies the ablution water

مع وجود اللذة أو القصد إليها على الاختلاف في ذلك، ويندرج تحته أيضا مس الرجل ذكره ومس المرأة فرجها والتذكر مع الاشتهاء على مذهب من يوجب الوضوء لذلك؛ لأن الأصل في وجوب الوضوء من ذلك كله هو ما يخشى أن تكون اللذة قد حركت المذي عن موضعه وأخرجته إلى قناة الذكر من غير أن يشعر بذلك. فهذه الأقوال في الأحداث الموجبة للوضوء مجملة، وستأتي مفسرة في مواضعها إن شاء الله تعالى. فصل ولوجوب الوضوء من هذه التسعة الأشياء خمس شرائط: وهي الإسلام، والبلوغ، والعقل، وارتفاع "الحيض والنفاس، ودخول وقت الصلاة. فصل والأصل في وجوبه من هذه التسعة الأشياء بهذه الخمس الشرائط قول الله ﵎: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُوا بِرُءُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ جُنُبًا فَاطَّهَّرُوا وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَى أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ مِنْهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٦]. والأمر على الوجوب. ومن قال من أصحابنا إنه ليس على الوجوب فقد وافقنا في أمر الله تعالى بالوضوء أنه على الوجوب للآثار الواردة عن النبي ﷺ بما أبان ذلك ورفع الاحتمال منه. من ذلك قوله ﷺ: «لا يقبل الله صلاة بغير طهور ولا صدقة من غلول»، وقوله ﵊: «لا يقبل الله صلاة أحدكم إذا هو أحدث حتى يتوضأ»، وقوله ﷺ: «لا يقبل الله صلاة امرئ حتى يضع الوضوء