Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/556)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

he may forsake her in bed. If she takes heed, well and good; otherwise, he may strike her without severity. If she obeys him, he must seek no cause against her, for Allah, Almighty and Majestic, says:

“As for those women whose marital defiance you fear, admonish them, forsake them in bed, and strike them. But if they obey you, seek no cause against them.” [al-Nisā’: 34]

If she offers him something to secure her release, he may lawfully accept it, provided that he has not transgressed Allah’s command in his treatment of her.

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If, however, the marital defiance comes from him and she does not accept his conduct, he must part with her unless they reach a settlement [under which he gives her something] in return for her accepting unequal treatment and remaining with him on that basis. Alternatively, she may give him something on condition that he does not divorce her and that she remains with him, either accepting unequal treatment or on condition that he ceases it. This is the settlement of which Allah, Almighty and Majestic, says:

“If a woman fears ill-treatment or aversion from her husband, there is no blame upon them if they reach a settlement between themselves. Settlement is best, though souls are ever prone to greed.” [al-Nisā’: 128]

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If the marital defiance comes from both spouses and each harms the other, the husband may not take anything from her in return for divorce, as we have explained.

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If they bring claims against one another over this, their conflict escalates, and they bring their case before the judge, he appoints two arbiters to adjudicate between them: one from his family and one from hers. Allah, Almighty and Majestic, says in His Book:

“If you fear a breach between them, appoint an arbiter from his family and an arbiter from hers.” [al-Nisā’: 35] To the end of the verse.

According to the scholars, this means that you know of the breach and fear that it will worsen. If it becomes clear to the two arbiters that the harm comes from the husband, they separate the spouses without requiring the wife to pay any compensation. She is entitled to half her bridal dower if this occurs before consummation, and all of it if it occurs after consummation, for the ruling concerning half the bridal dower before consummation

هجرها في المضجع، فإن اتعظت وإلا ضربها ضربا غير مبرح، فإن أطاعته فلا يبغي عليها سبيلا لقول الله ﷿: ﴿وَاللاتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِي الْمَضَاجِعِ وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلا﴾ [النساء: ٣٤]، فإن بذلت له شيئا على الفداء حل له أن يقبله إذا لم يتعد أمر الله فيها. فصل وأما إذا كان النشوز من قبله ولم ترض ذلك من فعله فالواجب عليه أن يفارقها إلا أن يصطلحا [بأن يعطيها] على الرضا بالإثرة والبقاء معه عليها أو تعطيه على أن لا يطلقها وتبقى معه على الإثرة أو على ترك الإثرة، وذلك الصلح الذي قال الله ﷿: ﴿وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا فَلا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُصْلِحَا بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا وَالصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ وَأُحْضِرَتِ الأَنْفُسُ الشُّحَّ﴾ [النساء: ١٢٨]. فصل وأما إذا كان النشوز من قبلهما جميعا وأضر كل واحد منهما بصاحبه فلا يجوز للزوج أن يأخذ منها شيئا على الطلاق على ما بيناه. فصل فإن تداعيا في ذلك وتفاقم الأمر بينهما وارتفعا إلى الحاكم حكم بينهما حكمين حكما من أهله وحكما من أهلها. قال الله ﷿ في كتابه حيث يقول: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا﴾ [النساء: ٣٥] الآية معناه عند أهل العلم علمتم ذلك وخفتم تزايده. فإن تبين لهما أن الضرر من قبل الزوج فرقا بينهما بغير غرم تغرمه المرأة، ويكون لها نصف صداقها إن كان ذلك قبل الدخول وجميعه إن كان بعد الدخول؛ لأن حكم نصف الصداق قبل الدخول