Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/553)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

Section

The same ruling concerning the consolatory gift applies to irrevocable and revocable divorce, provided that the husband does not take his wife back before she becomes irrevocably separated from him upon the expiry of her waiting period. The gift therefore does not become due until the waiting period has expired.

There are two opinions concerning whether, if the woman dies before receiving the gift, he must give it to her heirs. The first is that he must give it to her heirs because it is her right and passes to them by inheritance. This is Ibn al-Qāsim’s position. The second is that it is due only while she remains alive; if she dies, nothing is due to her heirs, because the gift is intended specifically to console her for the separation. If, however, the husband dies before giving it, the obligation lapses, and nothing is taken from his estate for her, because it is not an established debt owed by him.

An enslaved man may give his wife a consolatory gift, and his master may not prevent him from doing so, because it is among the marital rights arising from the marriage he authorized. No fixed amount is prescribed for the gift; rather, it depends on the circumstances of both spouses. Ibn ʿUmar said, “At its highest, it is an enslaved person; at its lowest, clothing or money for expenses.”

Section
On Khulʿ (Compensated Divorce)

Allah, Exalted is He, permitted marriage for His believing servants, saying:

“Marry women of your choice, two, three, or four.” [al-Nisā’: 3]

He also said:

“Marry off the unmarried among you and the righteous among your male and female slaves.” [al-Nūr: 32]

He, Almighty and Majestic, commanded kind treatment within marriage, saying:

“Live with them in kindness.” [al-Nisā’: 19]

And He said:

“Women have rights similar to their obligations, according to what is fair, but men have a degree over them.” [al-Baqarah: 228]

He gave husbands authority over their wives’ marital affairs by entrusting them with the power of divorce, and forbade them to transgress in exercising that authority, saying:

“Do not retain them to harm them and thereby transgress.” [al-Baqarah: 231]

And He said:

“Either retain them in kindness or release them with good treatment.” [al-Baqarah: 229]

If a man loves his wife

فصل والمتعة سواء في الطلاق البائن والرجعي إن لم يرتجع حتى تبين منه بانقضاء العدة فلا يجب عليه المتاع حتى تنقضي العدة. وقد اختلف إن لم يمتع حتى ماتت المرأة هل يجب عليه المتاع لورثتها على قولين: أحدهما: أنه يجب ذلك عليه لورثتها؛ لأنه حق لها يورث عنها، وهو مذهب ابن القاسم. والثاني: أنه لا يجب لها إلا ما دامت باقية، فإن ماتت لم يجب لورثتها؛ لأن المراد بذلك عينها تسلية لها عن الفراق. وأما إن مات الزوج قبل أن يمتع فالمتاع ساقط عنه ولا يؤخذ ذلك لها من ماله؛ لأنه ليس بدين ثابت عليه. وللعبد أن يمتع امرأته وليس للسيد أن يمنعه من ذلك؛ لأنه من حقوق النكاح الذي أذن له فيه، ولا حد للمتعة، وإنما هي على قدر حال الزوجين. وقد قال ابن عمر: أعلاها رقبة وأدناها كسوة أو نفقة. فصل في الخلع أباح الله ﵎ لعباده المؤمنين النكاح فقال: ﴿فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلاثَ وَرُبَاعَ﴾ [النساء: ٣]، وقال: ﴿وَأَنْكِحُوا الأَيَامَى مِنْكُمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ﴾ [النور: ٣٢]، وأمر ﷿ بحسن العشرة فيه فقال: ﴿وَعَاشِرُوهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [النساء: ١٩]، وقال: ﴿وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨]، وملك الأزواج أمر الزوجات بما جعل إليهم من الطلاق، ونهاهم أن يعتدوا فيما جعل إليهم من ذلك فقال: ﴿وَلا تُمْسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرَارًا لِتَعْتَدُوا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣١]، وقال: ﴿فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩]، فإن أحب الرجل المرأة