Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/543)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

Section
On Taking a Divorced Wife Back

The basis for taking a divorced wife back is the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic:

“You do not know; perhaps Allah will bring about something new after that.” [Al-Talāq: 1]

That is, He may cause them to regret their separation and wish to resume their marriage.

“When they reach their term, either retain them honorably or part with them honorably.” [Al-Talāq: 2]

Here, reaching the term means approaching it, not actually reaching it. The same applies to His saying, Exalted is He:

“When you divorce women and they reach their term, either retain them honorably or release them honorably.” [Al-Baqarah: 231]

This differs from His saying, Exalted is He:

“Do not resolve to contract marriage until the prescribed term has ended.” [Al-Baqarah: 235]

It also differs from His saying:

“When you divorce women and they reach their term, do not prevent them from marrying their husbands if they mutually agree on honorable terms.” [Al-Baqarah: 232]

He forbade guardians from preventing a woman from returning to her husband once her waiting period has expired and she wishes to return to him. Here, reaching the term means the expiry of the waiting period. Once the waiting period has expired, the husband no longer has the right to take her back, by unanimous agreement. Thus, approaching the term is described as reaching it, in keeping with the Arabs’ practice of calling something by the name of what it is close to. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says:

“When you recite the Quran, seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the accursed.” [Al-Nahl: 98]

That is, when you intend to recite the Quran. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“Bilāl calls to prayer during the night, so eat and drink until Ibn Umm Maktūm calls to prayer.”

Ibn Umm Maktūm was a blind man who would not call to prayer until he was told, “Morning has come! Morning has come!”—meaning that morning was approaching.

Another hadith states:

“The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, led us in the dawn prayer following rainfall during the night.”

Rain is here called “sky” because it descends from the sky. Such usage is common in the Arabic language.

فصل في الرجعة الأصل في الرجعة قول الله ﷿: ﴿لا تَدْرِي لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَمْرًا﴾ [الطلاق: ١]، أي يحدث في النفوس الندم على الفرقة وإرادة الرجعة: ﴿فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ فَارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ﴾ [الطلاق: ٢]، وبلوغ الأجل هاهنا المقاربة لا البلوغ على الحقيقة، وكذلك قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣١]، بخلاف قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلا تَعْزِمُوا عُقْدَةَ النِّكَاحِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٥]، بخلاف قوله: ﴿وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ إِذَا تَرَاضَوْا بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٢]، نهى الأولياء إذا انقضت العدة وأرادت الرجوع إلى زوجها أن يعضلوها عن الرجوع إليه؛ لأن بلوغ الأجل هو انقضاء العدة، وإذا انقضت العدة لم يكن للزوج رجعة بإجماع، فسمى المقاربة بلوغا على عادة العرب في تسمية الشيء باسم ما قرب منه. قال الله ﷿: ﴿فَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ﴾ [النحل: ٩٨]، أي: إذا أردت أن تقرأ القرآن. وقال ﷺ: «إن بلالا ينادي بليل فكلوا واشربوا حتى ينادي ابن أم مكتوم». وكان ابن أم مكتوم رجلا أعمى لا ينادي حتى يقال له أصبحت أصبحت، أي قاربت الصباح. وفي الحديث: «صلى بنا رسول الله ﷺ صلاة الصبح على أثر سماء كانت من الليل؛» فسمى المطر سماء لما كان نزوله من السماء. وهذا كثير في لسان العرب.