the preceding discussion of death, since half the dowry in divorce is governed by the same rules as the full dowry upon death. Each woman with whom he consummated marriage therefore receives her full dowry and must observe a waiting period of three menstrual cycles. As for those with whom he did not consummate marriage, if there is only one, she receives one-quarter of her dowry according to Ibn Habฤซb and Sahnลซn, and two-fifths according to Ibn al-Mawwฤz. If there is more than one, each receives one-quarter of her dowry according to Ibn Habฤซb, and two-fifths according to Ibn al-Mawwฤz. According to Sahnลซn, if there are two women with whom he did not consummate marriage, they receive quarters of a dowry between them; if there are three, they share one and a quarter dowries; and if there are four, they share one and three-quarter dowries equally.
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If, however, he married them all in a single marriage contract, he must be separated from them all. None is entitled to inheritance or a dowry, nor must any observe a waiting period, unless he consummated marriage with her. Any woman with whom he consummated marriage receives her dowry and must observe a waiting period of three menstrual cycles.
As for a Magian who embraces Islam while married to ten women, all of whom also embrace Islam, he may choose four of them and part with the others. One view holds that this separation is by divorce; another, that it is without divorce. If he consummated marriage with them, each receives her dowry. If he consummated marriage with none of them, then, according to the view that he parts with those other than the four without divorce, those from whom he separates receive no dowry. This is the implication of what is stated in al-Mudawwana. According to the view that he parts with them by divorce, each receives half her dowry, since he had the choice of retaining her or parting with her. This is Ibn Habฤซbโs preferred view. It is also said that each receives one-fifth of her dowry, [which is Ibn al-Mawwฤzโs preferred view. If he parts with all of them, each receives one-fifth of her dowry], and in that case their separation is by divorce, without disagreement.
Likewise, if he consummated marriage with some of them, then, according to the implication of what is stated in al-Mudawwana, any woman from whom he separates without having consummated marriage with her receives no dowry, provided he retains four. According to Ibn Habฤซbโs view, she receives half her dowry; according to Ibn al-Mawwฤzโs view, she receives one-fifth.