Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/455)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

And He says:

“And married women, except those whom your right hands possess.” [al-Nisā’: 24]

He also says:

“And do not marry women whom your fathers married, except for what has already passed.” [al-Nisā’: 22]

These are the women forbidden through marital ties. He also says:

“And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe.” [al-Baqarah: 221]

And He says:

“And whoever among you cannot afford to marry free believing women, then let him marry from among the believing slave women whom your right hands possess.” [al-Nisā’: 25]

This completes the seventeen categories of women; marriage to women outside these categories is lawful. After specifying these women who are forbidden in marriage, Allah Most High says:

“And lawful to you are all beyond these, provided that you seek them with your wealth, desiring chastity, not illicit intercourse.” [al-Nisā’: 24]

Further exceptions are established by the Sunnah, which explains the Quran, as we shall mention, if Allah Most High wills. Success comes from Allah.

Section

His words, Exalted is He, “Forbidden to you in marriage are your mothers” [al-Nisā’: 23], include mothers’ mothers and grandmothers on both the paternal and maternal sides, whether or not they are entitled to inherit. In short, every woman from whom you descend is forbidden to you in marriage, because she falls within His words: “Forbidden to you in marriage are your mothers.” [al-Nisā’: 23]

His words, “And your daughters” [al-Nisā’: 23], include daughters, daughters’ daughters, and sons’ daughters, however far down the line of descent. Every woman descended from you is forbidden to you in marriage, because she falls within the words of Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He: “And your daughters.” [al-Nisā’: 23]

His words, “And your sisters” [al-Nisā’: 23], include all sisters: full sisters, paternal half-sisters, and maternal half-sisters.

وقال: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٤] وقال: ﴿وَلا تَنْكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ﴾ [النساء: ٢٢] فهؤلاء المحرمات بالصهر وقال: ﴿وَلا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢١] وقال: ﴿وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلا أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ فَمِنْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ مِنْ فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٥] فتمت السبع عشرة امرأة، وما سواهن فنكاحهن حلال. قال الله تعالى لما نص على هؤلاء المحرمات: ﴿وَأُحِلَّ لَكُمْ مَا وَرَاءَ ذَلِكُمْ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ﴾ [النساء: ٢٤] إلا ما خصص من ذلك أيضا بالسنة المبينة للقرآن على ما سنذكره إن شاء الله تعالى وبالله التوفيق. فصل ويدخل في قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣] أمهات الأمهات والجدات من قبل الآباء والأمهات كن يرثن أو لا يرثن. وتلخيص ذلك أن كل من لها عليك ولادة فهي عليك حرام؛ لأنها داخلة تحت قوله: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣]. ويدخل في قوله: ﴿وَبَنَاتُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣] البنات وبنات البنات وبنات البنين وإن سفلوا كل من لك عليها ولادة فهي عليك حرام؛ لأنها داخلة تحت قول الله ﷿: ﴿وَبَنَاتُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣]. ويدخل في قوله: ﴿وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣] جميع الأخوات للأب والأم وللأب دون الأم وللأم دون الأب.