Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/437)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

a narration other than that in al-Muwatta’: “Whoever sets out in the first hour is like one who has presented a camel as a pilgrimage offering, and whoever sets out in the second hour is like one who has presented a cow as a pilgrimage offering.”

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The Eid sacrifice is obligatory for residents and travellers, males and females, young and old. Mālik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that a guardian should offer a sacrifice on behalf of an orphan using the orphan’s own wealth. A father must offer sacrifices on behalf of his sons and daughters for as long as he is obliged to maintain them: sons until they reach puberty, and daughters until they marry and their husbands consummate the marriage. He is not obliged to offer a sacrifice on behalf of his wife or his slave concubine who has borne him a child. Nor is such a concubine obliged to offer a sacrifice for herself. Likewise, anyone still subject to any degree of slavery is not obliged to offer a sacrifice. Mālik’s preferred practice is to sacrifice one sheep for each person, but if someone sacrifices a single sheep on behalf of the entire household, it suffices for them all.

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There are three days of sacrifice: the Day of Sacrifice and the two days following it. These are the known days that Allah mentions in His Book:

“And mention the name of Allah on known days over the livestock He has provided for them.” [al-Hajj: 28]

Sacrifices may be offered on these days from dawn until sunset, except on the first day, when they may be offered only after the Eid prayer and after the imam has slaughtered his sacrifice. On the second and third days, it is recommended to wait until the forenoon, after sunrise, before offering the sacrifice. If someone sacrifices earlier, after dawn, it is valid.

It is also recommended that anyone who has not offered his sacrifice on the second day by the time the sun passes its zenith delay slaughter until the forenoon of the third day, as that is preferable. As for someone who has not offered his sacrifice on the Day of Sacrifice by the time the sun passes its zenith, one view is that it is preferable to sacrifice during the remainder of that day; another is that it is preferable to wait until the forenoon of the second day. On the third day, however, anyone who has not sacrificed before the sun passes its zenith should sacrifice thereafter, since there is no later time to wait for.

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An animal becomes binding as an Eid sacrifice only upon slaughter, unlike a pilgrimage offering, which becomes binding through garlanding and marking.

غير حديث الموطأ «من راح في الساعة الأولى فكأنما أهدى بدنة، ومن راح في الساعة الثانية فكأنما أهدى بقرة». فصل والضحية واجبة على المقيم والمسافر والذكر والأنثى والصغير والكبير. وقد قال مالك ﵀: يضحي الوصي عن اليتيم من ماله، ويلزم الأب أن يضحي عن بنيه الذكور والإناث ما كانت نفقتهم له لازمة، الذكور حتى يحتلموا، والإناث حتى يتزوجن ويدخل بهن أزواجهن. ولا يلزمه أن يضحي عن امرأته ولا عن أم ولده، ولا يلزم أم الولد أن تضحي عن نفسها، وكذلك من فيه بقية رق لا تلزمه الضحية. والاختيار عند مالك أن يضحى عن كل نفس بشاة، فإن ضحى بشاة واحدة عن جميع أهل البيت أجزأهم. فصل وأيام النحر ثلاثة: يوم النحر ويومان بعده، وهي الأيام المعلومات التي ذكر الله في كتابه فقال: ﴿وَيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الأَنْعَامِ﴾ [الحج: ٢٨] يضحي فيها من طلوع الفجر إلى غروب الشمس إلا في اليوم الأول فلا يضحي فيه إلا بعد صلاة العيد ونحر الإمام. ويستحب في اليوم الثاني والثالث ألا يضحي إلا ضحوة بعد طلوع الشمس، فإن ضحى قبل ذلك بعد طلوع الفجر أجزأه. ويستحب أيضا لمن لم يضح في اليوم الثاني من أيام الذبح حتى زالت الشمس أن يؤخر الذبح إلى ضحى اليوم الثالث فإنه أفضل. وأما من لم يضح في يوم النحر حتى زالت الشمس فقيل: إن الأفضل أن يضحي في بقية ذلك النهار، وقيل: الأفضل أن يؤخر إلى ضحى اليوم الثاني. وأما اليوم الثالث فيضحي بعد الزوال من فاته أن يضحي قبله؛ لأنه ليس ثم وقت ينتظره. فصل والضحية لا تجب إلا بالذبح خلاف الهدي الذي يجب بالتقليد والإشعار.