Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/423)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy. May Allah bless Muhammad, his family, and his Companions, and grant them peace.

Book of Slaughtered Animals

Allah—Mighty and Majestic is He—said:

“Livestock have been made lawful for you, except what is recited to you.” [al-Mā’idah: 1]

This means that those lawfully slaughtered, and those accorded the same ruling, have been made lawful for you. This is indicated by His words, “except what is recited to you” [al-Mā’idah: 1], for He means the prohibitions subsequently recited in His words:

“Forbidden to you are carrion, blood, the flesh of swine, whatever has been dedicated to other than Allah, animals strangled, struck, fallen from a height, gored, or savaged by a beast of prey—except those you slaughter—and whatever is sacrificed on stone altars.” [al-Mā’idah: 3]

Carrion means an animal that has died of natural causes. Blood here means blood poured forth; a small amount, however, is lawful. Allah—Mighty and Majestic is He—said:

“Say: I find nothing in what has been revealed to me forbidden to anyone who eats it, unless it is carrion, blood poured forth, or the flesh of swine.” [al-An‘ām: 145]

Through His words, “or the flesh of swine” [al-An‘ām: 145], Allah—Blessed and Exalted is He—has made known to us that lawful slaughter has no effect in making it permissible.

His words, “whatever has been dedicated to other than Allah” [al-Mā’idah: 3], refer to what they sacrifice on stone altars without eating it.

His words, “animals strangled” [al-Mā’idah: 3], refer to an animal brought by strangulation to a hopeless condition in which survival is no longer expected. The same applies to an animal struck, meaning one beaten with a stick; an animal fallen from a height, meaning one that falls from a mountain or elsewhere; and an animal gored, meaning one struck by another animal’s horns. In all these cases, what is meant is an animal brought to a hopeless condition. The evidence is that an animal whose vital organs have sustained lethal damage is treated as carrion, whereas one whose vital organs have not sustained lethal damage and whose survival is still hoped for is treated as

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ وصلى الله على محمد وآله وصحبه وسلم كتاب الذبائح قال الله ﷿: ﴿أُحِلَّتْ لَكُمْ بَهِيمَةُ الأَنْعَامِ إِلا مَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ١]، معناه: أحل لكم المذكى منها وما كان في معناها بدليل قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿إِلا مَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ١]؛ لأن مراده بقوله تعالى ﴿إِلا مَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ١] ما تلاه بعد ذلك من التحريم في قوله: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ وَالْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَالْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَالْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَالنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَا أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ﴾ [المائدة: ٣]، فالميتة ما مات حتف أنفه، والدم بمعني الدم المسفوح، وأما اليسير فإنه حلال. قال الله ﷿: ﴿قُلْ لا أَجِدُ فِي مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ مُحَرَّمًا عَلَى طَاعِمٍ يَطْعَمُهُ إِلا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَيْتَةً أَوْ دَمًا مَسْفُوحًا أَوْ لَحْمَ خِنْزِيرٍ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٥]، وقوله: ﴿أَوْ لَحْمَ خِنْزِيرٍ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٥]، عرفنا الله ﵎ بهذا أن الذكاة غير عاملة فيه. وقوله: ﴿وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ﴾ [المائدة: ٣] هو ما ذبح على النصب مما لا يأكلونه. وقوله: ﴿وَالْمُنْخَنِقَةُ﴾ [المائدة: ٣] هي التي صارت بالخناق إلى حال اليأس الذي لا ترجى معه حياة. وكذلك الموقوذة وهي المضروبة بالعصا، والمتردية التي تتردى من جبل أو غيره. والنطيحة المنطوحة، هي التي صارت البهيمة في ذلك كله إلى حال اليأس، بدليل أن التي أنفذت مقاتلها بسبيل الميتة، والتي لم تنفذ مقاتلها وترجى حياتها بسبيل