Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/420)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

any of them may not be eaten if it has eaten any of the catch.” This view is also reported from al-Hasan, ʿAtāʾ, Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, and ʿIkrima. It is implausible, however, because training birds of prey consists in their responding when called, not in their desisting when rebuked, since they are incapable of that. How, then, could they be trained to refrain from eating when they catch prey?

Section

His words—Mighty and Majestic is He—“So eat of what they catch for you, and mention Allah’s name over it” [al-Māʾidah: 4] involve a transposition. The intended order is: “Mention Allah’s name over it, and eat of what they catch for you.” Thus, mentioning Allah’s name is obligatory when releasing the hunting animal after game, just as it is obligatory when slaughtering an animal. If someone deliberately omits mentioning Allah’s name when releasing it, the game may not be eaten. If he omits it through forgetfulness or ignorance, the game may be eaten, exactly as with a slaughtered animal.

Section

Allah—Mighty and Majestic is He—said:

“O you who believe, Allah will surely test you with some game within reach of your hands and spears.” [al-Māʾidah: 94]

This verse was revealed concerning those in ihrām (pilgrimage consecration). “He will surely test you” means that He will put you to the test, so that He may know who obeys by refraining from hunting during ihrām and who disobeys by hunting during it. That is, He may know the actual occurrence of obedience on the part of His servants, having already known, before creating them, what they would do. It has also been said that the meaning is that His knowledge of this should become evident to you; that is, that you should know that Allah already knows this of you, and therefore refrain from it.

In His words, “of the game” [al-Māʾidah: 94], the word “of” is partitive. What is meant is land game, since Allah—glorified and exalted be He—has permitted sea game to those in ihrām. He, Most High, said:

“Lawful to you is game from the sea and its food, as provision for you and for travelers, but forbidden to you is land game as long as you remain in ihrām.” [al-Māʾidah: 96]

Section

The game within reach of the hands consists of eggs, chicks, young game, and creatures that neither flee nor

واحد منهم إذا أكل منه. وروي ذلك عن الحسن وعطاء وسعيد بن جبير وعكرمة، وهو بعيد؛ لأن تعليم الجوارح من الطير إجابتها إذا دعيت لا أن تزدجر إذا زجرت، إذ لا يتأتى ذلك منها ولا يمكن، فكيف أن يترك الأكل إذا صادت. فصل وقوله ﷿: ﴿فَكُلُوا مِمَّا أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ﴾ [المائدة: ٤]، فيه تقديم وتأخير، وتقديره فاذكروا اسم الله عليه وكلوا مما أمسكن عليكم، فالتسمية تجب عند الإرسال على الصيد كما تجب على الذبيحة. فإن ترك التسمية عند الإرسال عمدا لم يؤكل الصيد، وإن نسي أو جهل أكل الصيد بمنزلة الذبيحة سواء. فصل وقال الله ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَيَبْلُوَنَّكُمُ اللَّهُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ تَنَالُهُ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَرِمَاحُكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٤]، وهذه الآية نزلت في المحرمين، فمعنى ليبلونكم ليختبرنكم فيعلم المطيع بترك الصيد في الإحرام من العاصي بالصيد فيه، أي ليعلم حصول الطاعة ووقوعها من عباده بعد تقدم علمه تعالى بما يكون منهم قبل أن يخلقهم. وقيل: معناه ليعلم ذلك عندكم، يقول: لتعلموا أن الله قد علم ذلك منكم فتجنبوه. وقوله: ﴿مِنَ الصَّيْدِ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٤]، من هاهنا للتبعيض، يريد صيد البر؛ لأن الله ﵎ أباح للمحرمين صيد البحر. قال تعالى: ﴿أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ مَتَاعًا لَكُمْ وَلِلسَّيَّارَةِ وَحُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَرِّ مَا دُمْتُمْ حُرُمًا﴾ [المائدة: ٩٦]. فصل والذي تناله الأيدي من الصيد هو البيض والفراخ وصغار الصيد وما لا يفر ولا