Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/403)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Especially Merciful. May Allah bless our master Muhammad and his family.

Book of Vows and Oaths

Section: Vows That Are Permissible and Must Be Fulfilled

Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has permitted His servants to make vows in several verses of His Book. He, Most High, says:

“Say, ‘I have vowed a fast to the Most Merciful, so I will not speak today to any human being.’” [Maryam: 26]

He, Most High, also says:

“My Lord, I have vowed to You what is in my womb, dedicated entirely to Your service. So accept this from me. Indeed, You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.” [Āl ‘Imrān: 35]

He, Most High, has made fulfilling vows obligatory, saying:

“O you who believe, fulfil your commitments.” [al-Mā’idah: 1]

This means commitments made through vows and oaths, and all other commitments that are binding under Islamic law. He, Most High, says:

“They fulfil their vows and fear a Day whose evil will be widespread.” [al-Insān: 7]

He, Most High, also says:

“Let them fulfil their vows and circumambulate the Ancient House.” [al-Hajj: 29]

He, Most High, also says:

“Among them are those who pledged to Allah, ‘If He gives us of His bounty, we will surely give in charity and be among the righteous.’” [al-Tawbah: 75]

“But when He gave them of His bounty, they withheld it greedily and turned away in aversion.” [al-Tawbah: 76]

“So He caused hypocrisy to settle in their hearts until the Day they meet Him, because they broke their promise to Allah and because they used to lie.” [al-Tawbah: 77]

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ وصلى الله على سيدنا محمد وآله كتاب النذور والأيمان فصل فيما يباح من النذر ويلزم الوفاء به من النذور أباح الله ﵎ لعباده النذر في غير ما آية من كتابه فقال تعالى: ﴿فَقُولِي إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمَنِ صَوْمًا فَلَنْ أُكَلِّمَ الْيَوْمَ إِنْسِيًّا﴾ [مريم: ٢٦]، وقال تعالى: ﴿رَبِّ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لَكَ مَا فِي بَطْنِي مُحَرَّرًا فَتَقَبَّلْ مِنِّي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ﴾ [آل عمران: ٣٥]. وأوجب تعالى الوفاء به فقال: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ﴾ [المائدة: ١]، يريد عقد النذر وعقد اليمين وسائر العقود اللازمة في الشرع. وقال تعالى: ﴿يُوفُونَ بِالنَّذْرِ وَيَخَافُونَ يَوْمًا كَانَ شَرُّهُ مُسْتَطِيرًا﴾ [الإنسان: ٧]، وقال تعالى: ﴿وَلْيُوفُوا نُذُورَهُمْ وَلْيَطَّوَّفُوا بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ﴾ [الحج: ٢٩]، وقال تعالى: ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ عَاهَدَ اللَّهَ لَئِنْ آتَانَا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ﴾ [التوبة: ٧٥] ﴿فَلَمَّا آتَاهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ بَخِلُوا بِهِ وَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٧٦] ﴿فَأَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقًا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ يَلْقَوْنَهُ بِمَا أَخْلَفُوا اللَّهَ مَا وَعَدُوهُ وَبِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٧٧].