Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/353)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

obligatory. These conditions are: being Muslim, having reached puberty, being of sound mind, being free, being male, and having the physical health and financial means required.

The evidence that being Muslim is a valid condition for this obligation is that, in several verses of Allah Most High’s Book, the command is addressed to believers rather than disbelievers. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says:

“O you who believe, shall I guide you to a transaction that will save you from a painful punishment?” [al-Saff: 10]

And the Exalted says:

“Indeed, Allah has purchased from the believers their lives and their wealth in exchange for Paradise.” [al-Tawbah: 111] The verse continues.

And the Exalted says:

“Those believers who remain behind, other than those with disabilities, are not equal…” [al-Nisā’: 95] The verse continues.

The evidence that puberty and soundness of mind are valid conditions is the saying of the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him: “The pen of accountability has been lifted from three: the child until he reaches puberty, the insane person until he regains his sanity, and the sleeper until he awakens.”

The evidence that freedom is a valid condition is that jihad is among the bodily obligations whose fulfilment requires financial means. Since the obligation of jihad is waived for someone without wealth, as indicated by His saying, Mighty and Majestic:

“There is no blame upon the weak, nor upon the sick, nor upon those who cannot find the means to spend, provided they are sincere towards Allah and His Messenger,” [al-Tawbah: 91]

and so on to the end of these verses, it is likewise waived for a slave, since he has no wealth that he is able to spend. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says:

“Allah sets forth a parable: an owned slave who has no power over anything, and someone whom We have granted a good provision from Us, from which he spends secretly and openly. Are they equal?” [al-Nahl: 75]

Moreover, his services are owed to his master. Thus, the obligation of jihad is waived for a slave on every count.

The evidence that being male is a valid condition is that a woman cannot undertake jihad without acting contrary to the commands to cover herself and remain in her home. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says:

“O Prophet, tell your wives, your daughters, and the women of the believers to draw their outer garments over themselves.” [al-Ahzāb: 59]

And He, Mighty and Majestic, says:

“Remain in your homes, and do not display yourselves as in the former days of ignorance, and establish prayer.” [al-Ahzāb: 33]

وجوبه، وهي: الإسلام، والبلوغ، والعقل، والحرية، والذكورة، والاستطاعة بصحة البدن وما يحتاج إليه من المال. فالدليل على صحة اشتراط الإسلام في وجوبه توجه الخطاب به إلى المؤمنين دون الكفار في غير ما آية من كتاب الله تعالى، قال الله ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى تِجَارَةٍ تُنْجِيكُمْ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ﴾ [الصف: ١٠]، وقال تعالى: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ اشْتَرَى مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ﴾ [التوبة: ١١١] الآية، وقال تعالى ﴿لا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ﴾ [النساء: ٩٥] الآية. والدليل على صحة اشتراط البلوغ والعقل في ذلك قول النبي ﵊: «رفع القلم عن ثلاث، وهم الصغير حتى يحتلم، والمجنون حتى يفيق، والنائم حتى يستيقظ». والدليل على صحة اشتراط الحرية في ذلك هو أن الجهاد من الفرائض المتوجهة إلى الأبدان المتعينة في الأموال، فإذا سقط فرض الجهاد عمن لا مال له. بقوله ﷿: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الضُّعَفَاءِ وَلا عَلَى الْمَرْضَى وَلا عَلَى الَّذِينَ لا يَجِدُونَ مَا يُنْفِقُونَ حَرَجٌ إِذَا نَصَحُوا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ﴾ [التوبة: ٩١] الآيات إلى آخرها، فهو ساقط عن العبد إذ لا مال له يقدر على إنفاقه. قال الله ﷿: ﴿ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ سِرًّا وَجَهْرًا هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ﴾ [النحل: ٧٥]، ومنافعه أيضا مستحقة لسيده، فالجهاد على العبد ساقط من كل وجه. والدليل على صحة اشتراط الذكورة في ذلك أن الجهاد لا يتأتى للمرأة إلا بضد ما أمرت به من الستر والقرار في بيتها. قال الله ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لأَزْوَاجِكَ وَبَنَاتِكَ وَنِسَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يُدْنِينَ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ جَلابِيبِهِنَّ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٩]، وقال ﷿: ﴿وَقَرْنَ فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ وَلا تَبَرَّجْنَ تَبَرُّجَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الأُولَى وَأَقِمْنَ الصَّلاةَ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٣]