Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/351)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

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A son must not fight without his parents’ permission, nor a slave without his master’s permission. This applies when participation is voluntary.

When, however, fighting becomes an individual obligation, he must go forth even if his parents do not give him permission, for he is required to obey his parents in refraining from a voluntary act, but not in abandoning an obligatory one. It has been reported concerning the people of the Heights, who were held back from Paradise, that they were people who fought in Allah’s cause in disobedience to their fathers and were killed. Allah granted them deliverance through their death in battle, but held them back from Paradise because they had disobeyed their fathers. They will therefore be the last to enter Paradise.

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Likewise, someone who owes a debt may not go forth to fight without the creditor’s permission, unless the debt is not yet due and he has sufficient means to repay it, in which case he must appoint someone to repay it on his behalf when it falls due. If, however, he is destitute and has nothing, he may go forth without his creditor’s permission.

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Martyrdom expiates everything except debt. It is reported that “a man asked the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—‘O Messenger of Allah, if I am killed in Allah’s cause, remaining steadfast, seeking His reward, advancing rather than retreating, will Allah expiate my sins?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ When the man turned away, he called him back—or ordered that he be called back—and asked him, ‘What did you say?’ The man repeated his question, and he replied, ‘Yes, except for debt. That is what Gabriel told me.’” It has been said that this applied in the early days of Islam, since it has been reported that Allah will settle his debt on his behalf on the Day of Resurrection.

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The disbelievers are fought only for the sake of religion, so that they may leave disbelief and enter Islam, not for domination.

The Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “I have been commanded to fight people until they say, ‘There is no god but Allah.’ Once they say it, their lives and property are protected from me, except as required by that declaration, and their reckoning rests with Allah.” For this reason, it is obligatory

فصل ولا يجاهد الابن بغير إذن أبويه، ولا العبد بغير إذن سيده. وهذا في النافلة. وأما في الفرض الذي يتعين على الأعيان فيلزمه أن يغزو وإن لم يأذنا له، لأنه إنما يلزمه أن يطيع أبويه في ترك النافلة، وأما في ترك الفريضة فلا. وقد روي في أصحاب الأعراف الذين حبسوا دون الجنة أنهم قوم غزوا في سبيل الله عصاة لآبائهم فقتلوا فأعتقهم الله بقتلهم وحبسهم عن الجنة بمعصيتهم آباءهم، فهم آخر من يدخل الجنة. فصل وكذلك من عليه دين لا يجوز له أن يغزو إلا بإذن صاحب الدين إلا أن يكون الدين لم يحل عليه ويكون له وفاء به فيوكل من يقضيه عنه عند حلوله. وأما إن كان عديما لا شيء معه فله أن يغزو بغير إذن من له عليه الدين. فصل والشهادة تكفر كل شيء إلا الدين. روي «أن رسول الله ﷺ سأله رجل فقال يا رسول الله أرأيت إن قتلت في سبيل الله صابرا محتسبا مقبلا غير مدبر أيكفر الله عني خطاياي فقال نعم. فلما أدبر الرجل دعاه أو أمر به فدعي له فقال له كيف قلت فأعاد عليه قوله فقال له نعم إلا الدين، كذلك قال لي جبريل.» وقد قيل إن ذلك كان في أول الإسلام لما روي أن الله يقضي عنه دينه يوم القيامة. فصل وإنما يقاتل الكفار على الدين ليدخلوا من الكفر إلى الإسلام لا على الغلبة. قال رسول الله ﷺ: «أمرت أن أقاتل الناس حتى يقولوا لا إله إلا الله فإذا قالوها عصموا مني دماءهم وأموالهم إلا بحقها وحسابهم على الله». ولهذا تجب