Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/342)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

“O Prophet, strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites, and be stern with them. Their refuge is Hell—what an evil destination!” [al-Tawbah: 73]

Thus, he—peace and blessings be upon him—strove against the disbelievers with the sword and against the hypocrites with the tongue. For Allah Most High forbade him to act upon his knowledge concerning them by imposing the prescribed punishments on them, lest people say that he killed his companions, as has been reported from him—peace and blessings be upon him. Likewise, before he was commanded to fight the polytheists, he strove against them through speech alone.

Jihad with the hand consists of those in authority restraining wrongdoers from wrongdoing, falsehood, forbidden sins, and neglect of obligatory duties, through discipline and beating, as their considered judgment in the matter dictates. This includes their enforcement of the prescribed punishments upon those who falsely accuse others of unlawful sexual intercourse, those who commit it, and those who drink wine. Jihad with the sword consists of fighting the polytheists for the faith.

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Everyone who exerts himself for Allah’s sake has striven in His cause. However, when used without qualification, “jihad in Allah’s cause” refers only to striving against the disbelievers with the sword until they embrace Islam or pay the jizyah in submission, humbled.

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Jihad is among the best and purest righteous deeds in the sight of Allah Most High. It is reported that the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—was asked about the best deeds and replied, “Faith in Allah and jihad in His cause.” He also said to a man, “Were you to pray throughout the night and fast throughout the day, you would not equal the sleep of one engaged in jihad.” He said to a man who possessed six thousand dinars, “Were you to spend it in obedience to Allah, you would not equal the dust on the sandal strap of one engaged in jihad.” And he said, “A single morning or evening journey in Allah’s cause is better than this world and everything in it.”

﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ جَاهِدِ الْكُفَّارَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَاغْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ﴾ [التوبة: ٧٣] فجاهد ﷺ الكفار بالسيف، وجاهد المنافقين باللسان، لأن الله تعالى نهاه أن يعمل علمه فيهم فيقيم الحدود عليهم لئلا يتحدث عنه أنه يقتل أصحابه على ما روي عنه ﷺ. وكذلك جاهد ﷺ المشركين قبل أن يؤمر بقتالهم بالقول خاصة. وجهاد اليد زجر ذوي الأمر أهل المناكر عن المناكر والأباطيل والمعاصي المحرمات، وعن تعطيل الفرائض الواجبات، بالأدب والضرب على ما يؤدي إليه الاجتهاد في ذلك. ومن ذلك إقامتهم الحدود على القذفة والزناة وشربة الخمر. وجهاد السيف قتال المشركين على الدين. فصل فكل من أتعب نفسه في ذات الله فقد جاهد في سبيله، إلا أن الجهاد في سبيل الله إذا أطلق فلا يقيم بإطلاقه إلا على مجاهدة الكفار بالسيف حتى يدخلوا في الإسلام أو يعطوا الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون. فصل والجهاد من أفضل أعمال البر وأزكاها عند الله تعالى. روي «عن النبي ﷺ أنه سئل عن أفضل الأعمال فقال: "إيمان بالله وجهاد في سبيله». وأنه قال لرجل: «لو قمت الليل وصمت النهار ما بلغت نوم المجاهد»، وقال لرجل له ستة آلاف دينار: "لو أنفقتها في طاعة الله ما بلغت غبار شراك نعل المجاهد ". وقال: «لغدوة أو روحة في سبيل الله خير من الدنيا وما فيها».