Al-Muqaddimฤt al-MumahhidฤtIbn Rush al-Jadd

zakat year. In my view, these differing opinions apply only where the loss occasioned by their wrongful use entitles the owner to demand compensation for their value. But if the animals themselves have perished, there is no disagreement that he begins a new zakat year for the sheep and goats he receives in compensation for their value. If the original animals remain in the usurperโ€™s possession, without any circumstance constituting their loss, he pays zakat on the replacement animals according to the zakat year of the original ones, without disagreement, since this is exactly like an exchange. Allah grants success.

Section

Debt does not cancel zakat on any zakatable wealth other than monetary wealth. The evidence is that Allah, exalted is He, says:

โ€œTake charity from their wealth to purify and cleanse them thereby.โ€ [al-Tawba: 103]

He also says:

โ€œEat of its fruit when it bears fruit, and give its due on the day of harvest.โ€ [al-Anโ€˜ฤm: 141]

These statements are general: they make no distinction, for any kind of wealth, between those who owe debts and those who do not. A general statement may, however, admit exceptions. The scholars therefore excluded indebted owners of monetary wealth from this ruling, on the basis of the Companionsโ€™ consensus. Evidence for this is the report that โ€˜Uthmฤn ibn โ€˜Affฤn used to call out to the people: โ€œPeople, this is the month for paying your zakat. Whoever owes a debt should repay it, so that your remaining wealth may be determined and you may pay zakat on it.โ€ All other wealth remains subject to the general ruling.

Thus, debt does not cancel zakat on crops or livestock, nor, according to the soundest opinion, zakat al-fitr paid on behalf of slaves. This is the opinion Ibn Wahb transmitted from Mฤlik, contrary to the apparent meaning of al-Mudawwana and the explicit wording of Ibn al-Mawwฤzโ€™s book. Various distinctions based on substantive reasoning have also been drawn between monetary wealth and other wealth concerning the requirement to deduct debts. These distinctions are not free from objection, although they may have formed the basis of the consensus. Allah grants success.

Section
On Zakat al-Fitr

The majority of scholars agree that zakat al-fitr is obligatory, but they differ over whether it is obligatory

ุญูˆู„ุง. ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅู†ู…ุง ูŠุตุญ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ูุงุชุช ุจุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ููˆุชุง ูŠูˆุฌุจ ู„ู‡ ุชุถู…ูŠู†ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุฃู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูุงุชุช ุฃุนูŠุงู†ู‡ุง ูู„ุง ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุจุงู„ุบู†ู… ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ู…ู†ู‡ ููŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุญูˆู„. ูˆู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุจูŠุฏ ุงู„ุบุงุตุจ ู„ู… ุชูุช ุจูˆุฌู‡ ู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆู‡ ุงู„ููˆุช ู„ุฒูƒุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจู„ุง ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู„ู…ุจุงุฏู„ุฉ ุณูˆุงุกุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚. ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠุณู‚ุท ุฒูƒุงุฉ ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ุงู„ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฒูƒุงุฉ. ูˆุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ๏ตŽ ู‚ุงู„: ๏ดฟุฎูุฐู’ ู…ูู†ู’ ุฃูŽู…ู’ูˆูŽุงู„ูู‡ูู…ู’ ุตูŽุฏูŽู‚ูŽุฉู‹ ุชูุทูŽู‡ูู‘ุฑูู‡ูู…ู’ ูˆูŽุชูุฒูŽูƒูู‘ูŠู‡ูู…ู’ ุจูู‡ูŽุง๏ดพ [ุงู„ุชูˆุจุฉ: ูกู ูฃ] ูˆู‚ุงู„: ๏ดฟูƒูู„ููˆุง ู…ูู†ู’ ุซูŽู…ูŽุฑูู‡ู ุฅูุฐูŽุง ุฃูŽุซู’ู…ูŽุฑูŽ ูˆูŽุขุชููˆุง ุญูŽู‚ูŽู‘ู‡ู ูŠูŽูˆู’ู…ูŽ ุญูŽุตูŽุงุฏูู‡ู๏ดพ [ุงู„ุฃู†ุนุงู…: ูกูคูก] ูุนู… ูˆู„ู… ูŠุฎุต ู…ู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฏูŠู† ู…ู…ู† ู„ุง ุฏูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ู…ุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงู„. ูˆุงู„ุนู…ูˆู… ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ู„ู„ุฎุตูˆุตุŒ ูุฎุตุต ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุจุฅุฌู…ุงุน ุงู„ุตุญุงุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุจุฏู„ูŠู„ ู…ุง ุฑูˆูŠ ุฃู† ุนุซู…ุงู† ุจู† ุนูุงู† ูƒุงู† ูŠุตูŠุญ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ: ูŠุง ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุดู‡ุฑ ุฒูƒุงุชูƒู… ูู…ู† ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฏูŠู† ูู„ูŠุคุฏู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุชุญุตู„ ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ูƒู… ูุชุคุฏูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฒูƒุงุฉ. ูˆุจู‚ูŠ ู…ุง ุณูˆู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…. ูู„ุง ูŠุณู‚ุท ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฒูƒุงุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุซ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุดูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฒูƒุงุฉ ุงู„ูุทุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุนุจูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ ุงุจู† ูˆู‡ุจ ุนู† ู…ุงู„ูƒ ุฎู„ุงู ุธุงู‡ุฑ ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูˆู†ุฉ ูˆู†ุต ู…ุง ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจ ุงุจู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฒ. ูˆู‚ุฏ ูุฑู‚ ุฃูŠุถุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนูŠู† ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุจ ุฅุณู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุจุชูุงุฑูŠู‚ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ุง ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุฑุงุถุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุตุฏุฑ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฅุฌู…ุงุน ูˆุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚. ูุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุฒูƒุงุฉ ุงู„ูุทุฑ ุงุชูู‚ ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุจ ุฒูƒุงุฉ ุงู„ูุทุฑุŒ ูˆุงุฎุชู„ููˆุง ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุฌุจุฉ

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