zakat, despite their different names and characteristics. Likewise, cattle and buffalo constitute a single category and are combined for zakat, despite their different names and characteristics. Wheat, barley, and sult grain also constitute a single category and are combined for zakat, despite their different names, characteristics, and varieties. There is disagreement concerning ʿalas grain: some consider it a separate category, while others combine it with wheat, barley, and sult.

All pulses constitute a single category and are combined for zakat, despite their different names and characteristics. This applies whether they are grown and harvested in one locality or in several widely separated localities, and whether they are harvested at the same time or at widely separated times, provided that the last crop was sown before the first crop was harvested. Any pulses sown after another crop has been harvested and zakat has become due on it, however, are not combined with that crop, whether sown on the same land from which the earlier crop was harvested or elsewhere. What is sown after the first harvest, whether on that land or elsewhere, is treated as though it were sown in another year, and one year’s crop is not combined with another’s.

To illustrate what we have described: suppose someone plants three kinds of pulses in three different months, one kind in each month—the first in Muharram, the second in Rabīʿ al-Awwal, and the third in Jumādā al-Ūlā—and then harvests them all after Jumādā al-Ūlā. They are combined, and if their total reaches the minimum threshold, zakat becomes due, with the appropriate proportion taken from each kind. If he plants the second before harvesting the first, then plants the third after harvesting the first but before harvesting the second, the second is combined with both the first and the third, but the first is not combined with the third.

If the first yields three wasqs and the second yields two wasqs or more, he pays zakat on the whole amount, according to Ibn al-Qāsim, provided that the three wasqs remain in his possession. Ashhab, however, holds that when a year has elapsed on the first of two separately acquired sums, consisting of ten dinars, and its owner then spends it, after which a year elapses on the second sum, also consisting of ten dinars, he pays zakat on all twenty dinars. Accordingly, he pays zakat on the two wasqs when he harvests them, even if he has already spent the three wasqs.

If the third crop then yields three wasqs, while the second had yielded two wasqs on which he paid zakat together with the first crop, no zakat is due on these three wasqs according to Ibn al-Qāsim, since they do not reach the threshold when combined with what remains of the two wasqs after