Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/34)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

all rulings explicitly stated in the Quran, we know that He meant that He explicitly stated some of them and referred the rest to inference, [which is] analogical reasoning. Whoever prohibits inference, which is analogical reasoning, has denied the truth of His saying, Exalted is He:

“We have neglected nothing in the Book.” [al-Anʿām: 38]

For he cannot claim that every ruling is explicitly stated in the Quran. Another proof from the Book is His saying, Exalted is He:

“You already know the first creation, so why do you not take heed?” [al-Wāqiʿah: 62]

He rebuked them for denying the second creation, even though they had a means of knowing it: drawing an analogy with the first creation, which they acknowledge and which is comparable to it. Another example is:

“Is not He who created the heavens and the earth able to create the like of them?” [Yā Sīn: 81]

There are many similar passages in the Quran.

The reports transmitted from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, concerning this are also numerous. They leave no room for excuse and establish with certainty that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, ruled through judgment and independent juristic reasoning, and approved his Companions doing so during his lifetime, in his presence, while revelation was still descending. How much more so today, after the Prophet’s death, peace and blessings be upon him, and the cessation of revelation!

Among these is “the well-known report of Muʿādh ibn Jabal, when he sent him to Yemen as a judge and asked him, ‘By what will you judge?’ He replied, ‘By the Book of Allah.’ He asked, ‘And if you do not find it there?’ He replied, ‘Then by the Sunnah of His Messenger.’ He asked, ‘And if you do not find it there?’ He replied, ‘I will exercise my own judgment.’ He said, ‘Praise be to Allah, who has guided the messenger of His Messenger to what pleases His Messenger.’”

Another example is “his saying to the woman from Khathʿam, ‘Tell me, if your father owed a debt, would you repay it?’ She replied, ‘Yes.’ He said, ‘Then a debt owed to Allah is more deserving of repayment.’” Thus the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, drew an analogy—

جميع الأحكام في القرآن نصا علمنا أنه أراد أنه نص على بعضها وأحال على الاستنباط و [هو] القياس في سائرها. فمن منع من الاستنباط وهو القياس فقد كذب بقوله تعالى: ﴿مَا فَرَّطْنَا فِي الْكِتَابِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ﴾ [الأنعام: ٣٨] إذ لا يجوز له أن يدعي أنه نص على جميع الأحكام في القرآن نصا. ودليل آخر من الكتاب وهو قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ النَّشْأَةَ الأُولَى فَلَوْلا تَذَكَّرُونَ﴾ [الواقعة: ٦٢] فوبخهم على إنكارهم النشأة الثانية مع أن لهم طريقا إلى معرفتها وهو القياس على النشأة الأولى التي يقرون بها وهي في معناها. ومثل ذلك: ﴿أَوَلَيْسَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَى أَنْ يَخْلُقَ مِثْلَهُمْ﴾ [يس: ٨١] ومثله في القرآن كثير. وأما السنن الواردة في ذلك عن النبي ﵊ فكثيرة أيضا ترفع العذر وتوجب القطع عن النبي ﵊ بالحكم بالرأي والاجتهاد وإقرار أصحابه على ذلك في زمنه ومع وجوده ونزول الوحي، فكيف به اليوم بعد موت النبي ﷺ وانقطاع الوحي. ومن ذلك «الخبر المشهور لمعاذ بن جبل حين أنفذه إلى اليمن حاكما فقال له بم تحكم قال بكتاب الله، قال فإن لم تجد قال فبسنة رسوله، قال فإن لم تجد قال أجتهد رأيي. قال الحمد لله الذي وفق رسول رسوله لما يرضي رسوله.» ومن ذلك «قوله للخثعمية: أرأيت لو كان على أبيك دين أكنت قاضيته قالت نعم قال فدين الله أحق أن يقضى» فقاس رسول الله ﷺ -