Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/241)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

the well-known position of the school. As for the fourth day, it may be fasted by someone who has vowed to fast it or who is observing a sequence of consecutive fasts.

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The days of the year fall into six categories with regard to fasting:

Those on which fasting is obligatory and breaking the fast is unlawful unless one of the six conditions is absent: these are the days of Ramadan.

Those on which abstaining from fasting is obligatory and fasting is unlawful: these are the Day of Sacrifice and Eid al-Fitr.

Those on which fasting is permissible in certain circumstances: these are the two days following the Day of Sacrifice.

Those on which fasting is disliked: this is the fourth day of the days of Tashrīq.

Those on which either fasting or not fasting is permissible: these are the days for which no encouragement to fast has been reported, excluding Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr, the Day of Sacrifice, and the days of Tashrīq.

Those on which fasting is recommended: these are the days for which encouragement to fast has been reported. Among the reports supporting this is the following:

“While the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) was sitting with his Companions, a man from Najd approached with dishevelled hair. His voice could be heard indistinctly, but what he was saying could not be understood. He was Hammām ibn Thaʿlabah al-Saʿdī. When he drew near, it became clear that he was asking about Islam. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) explained the ordinances of Islam to him, saying, ‘Five prayers each day and night.’ The man asked, ‘Must I perform any others?’ He replied, ‘No, unless you choose to offer voluntary prayers.’ He continued, ‘And fasting the month of Ramadan.’ The man asked, ‘Must I fast anything else?’ He replied, ‘No, unless you choose to fast voluntarily.’ The narrator added that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) mentioned zakat. The man asked, ‘Must I give anything else?’ He replied, ‘No, unless you choose to give voluntarily.’ The man then turned away, saying, ‘By Allah, I shall neither add to this nor take anything away from it.’ The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said, ‘He will prosper if he is truthful.’”

The words of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), “unless you choose to fast voluntarily,” recommend and encourage voluntary fasting outside Ramadan.

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Voluntary fasting is among the recommended and encouraged acts of goodness. It is reported from

المشهور من المذهب. وأما اليوم الرابع فيصومه من نذره، أو من كان في صيام متتابع. فصل فأيام السنة تنقسم في الصيام على ستة أقسام: منها ما يجب صومه ولا يحل فطره إلا بعدم وصف من الأوصاف الستة، وهو شهر رمضان. ومنها ما يجب فطره ولا يحل صومه، وهو يوم النحر ويوم الفطر. ومنها ما يجوز صومه على وجه ما، وهما اليومان اللذان بعد يوم النحر. ومنها ما يكره صومه، وهو اليوم الرابع من أيام التشريق. ومنها ما يجوز صومه وفطره، وهو ما لم يرد في صومه ترغيب مما عدا شهر رمضان ويوم الفطر ويوم النحر وأيام التشريق. ومنها ما يستحب صومه، وهو ما ورد فيه ترغيب. من ذلك ما روي أن «رسول الله ﷺ بينما هو جالس مع أصحابه إذ أقبل رجل من أهل نجد ثائر الرأس يسمع دوي صوته ولا يفقه ما يقول، وهو حمام بن ثعلبة السعدي، حتى دنا فإذا هو يسأل عن الإسلام، فأخبره رسول الله ﷺ بشرائع الإسلام، فقال: خمس صلوات في اليوم والليلة، فقال: هل علي غيرهن، قال: لا إلا أن تطوع. قال: وصيام شهر رمضان، قال: هل علي غيره، قال: لا إلا أن تطوع. قال: وذكر رسول الله ﷺ الزكاة، فقال: هل علي غيرها، فقال: لا إلا أن تطوع، فأدبر الرجل وهو يقول والله لا أزيد على هذا ولا أنقص منه. فقال رسول الله ﷺ: أفلح إن صدق». وفي قول رسول الله ﷺ: إلا أن تطوع ندب منه إلى التطوع بالصيام في غير رمضان وحض عليه. فصل فالتطوع بالصيام من نوافل الخير المرغب فيها المندوب إليها. روي عن