And Allah, exalted is He, has made the earth like a basin before him, from which he takes wherever he wills. It has also been said that the Angel of Death has helpers who take souls at his command, after which he himself receives them from his helpers. He then delivers the believer’s soul to the angels of mercy and the unbeliever’s soul to the angels of punishment. Thus, the actions of the Angel of Death’s helpers are attributed to him, just as one says that a ruler killed, flogged, or wrote, although he did not do so with his own hands; rather, his helpers acted at his command. Allah, exalted is He, knows best the reality of all this.
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The Angel of Death takes the souls of every living creature on land and at sea. The Mu‘tazilah held that the Angel of Death takes human souls, while his helpers take the souls of beasts. This is an arbitrary assertion without evidence or proof, for such a statement can only be established through revealed teaching from one whose authority must be accepted. In the absence of that, the position of Ahl al-Sunnah stands as correct. Allah, exalted is He, has explicitly stated that the Angel of Death takes human souls, and His designation “the Angel of Death” establishes that he takes the soul of every living creature, whether jinn, human, or otherwise. This is because “death” is a general term encompassing the entire category; its scope cannot therefore be restricted to some kinds of living creatures rather than others without evidence.
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None of this contradicts Allah’s words, exalted is He:
“It is He who takes your souls by night.” [al-An‘ām: 60]
Nor does it contradict His words, exalted is He:
“Allah takes the souls at the time of their death, and those that do not die during their sleep.” [al-Zumar: 42]
For although the Angel of Death takes souls by his Lord’s permission, the One who truly takes them is Allah, Lord of all worlds, the Giver of life and the Bringer of death, the Creator of death and life. The Angel of Death’s part in this is only the acquisition of the act: he performs what Allah has decreed for him, at whose occurrence Allah customarily creates death—and nothing more.