Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

extends until the twilight disappears. [The second view is based on the position that it does not extend until the twilight disappears.] Combining prayers because of rain differs from combining them for a traveller or a sick person—in that they are combined before the twilight disappears or at sunset—because bringing them forward offers no ease to the traveller or the sick person. In rain, however, bringing them forward before the twilight disappears makes things easier for people, allowing them to return home while some daylight remains.

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According to the view that Maghrib has only one preferred time, it may not be delayed beyond sunset without an excuse. Likewise, ‘Ishā’ may not be brought forward before the twilight disappears without an excuse. Since both alternatives are thus on an equal footing, the course that offers people greater ease should be followed: combining the prayers immediately at sunset, so that they can return home while there is still ample daylight. This explains why, according to this view, the prayers are combined early, at sunset. Success comes from Allah.

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Prostration upon Recitation of the Quran

The foundation of this subject is Allah’s saying, exalted and majestic is He:

“When the verses of the Most Merciful were recited to them, they fell down in prostration and weeping.” [Maryam: 58]

And His saying, exalted and majestic is He:

“Say, ‘Believe in it or do not believe. Indeed, those who were given knowledge before it, when it is recited to them, fall upon their faces in prostration.’” [al-Isrā’: 107]

And His words, exalted and majestic is He, in the verse:

“So what is the matter with them that they do not believe?” [al-Inshiqāq: 20] “And when the Quran is recited to them, they do not prostrate?” [al-Inshiqāq: 21]

This subject revolves around four questions: identifying the established prostration passages [as distinct from other passages; determining whether prostration at them is obligatory; identifying those for whom prostration at them is obligatory and those for whom it is not; and, fourth, understanding the rulings and conditions of prostration.

المستحب يمتد إلى مغيب الشفق. [والقول الثاني مبني على أنه لا يمتد إلى مغيب الشفق] وإنما فارق الجمع في المطر جمع المسافر والمريض في تعجيل الجمع قبل مغيب الشفق أو عند غروب الشمس من أجل أنه لا رفق للمسافر والمريض في تعجيل الجمع قبل مغيب الشفق، وللناس رفق في تعجيل الجمع في المطر قبل مغيب الشفق لينصرفوا في بقية من الضياء. فصل ولما كان على القول بأن المغرب ليس لها في الاختيار إلا وقت واحد، لا يجوز أن تؤخر المغرب عن وقت الغروب إلا لعذر، وكانت العشاء لا يجوز أن تعجل عن وقت مغيب الشفق إلا لعذر أيضا، واستوى الطرفان جميعا، وجب أن يفعل من ذلك الذي هو أرفق بالناس، وهو الجمع عند أول الغروب لرجوعهم والضياء متمكن. فهذا وجه تعجيل الجمع عند الغروب بناء على هذا القول، وبالله التوفيق. فصل في سجود القرآن الأصل في هذا الباب قول الله ﷿: ﴿إِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُ الرَّحْمَنِ خَرُّوا سُجَّدًا وَبُكِيًّا﴾ [مريم: ٥٨]، وقوله ﷿: ﴿قُلْ آمِنُوا بِهِ أَوْ لا تُؤْمِنُوا إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ إِذَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ يَخِرُّونَ لِلأَذْقَانِ سُجَّدًا﴾ [الإسراء: ١٠٧]، وقوله ﷿: ﴿فَمَا لَهُمْ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ [الانشقاق: ٢٠] ﴿وَإِذَا قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقُرْآنُ لا يَسْجُدُونَ﴾ [الانشقاق: ٢١] الآية. ومداره على أربع مسائل: معرفة عزائم السجود [من غير العزائم، ومعرفة وجوب السجود فيها، ومعرفة من يجب عليه السجود فيها ممن لا يجب، والرابع معرفة أحكام السجود وشرائطه.

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