Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/25)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

and He, Exalted is He, says:

“Thus Allah leads astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills.” [al-Muddaththir: 31]

The Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: “Everyone is eased toward that for which he was created.” It is related in a hadith:

“A man from Muzaynah came to the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, tell me about what people do and strive for: is it something already decreed for them and settled, or does it concern what lies ahead for them?’ He replied, ‘Rather, it is something already decreed for them and settled.’ The man asked, ‘Why, then, should we act?’ He replied, ‘Whoever Allah has created for one of the two destinations is made to act toward it.’”

This is confirmed in the Book of Allah:

“By the soul and Him who fashioned it,” [al-Shams: 7] “and inspired it to know its wickedness and its righteousness.” [al-Shams: 8]

It has also been said that the verse means: “I did not create jinn and mankind except to command them to worship Me.” Another interpretation is: “So that they might submit to Me as servants and acknowledge My lordship,” for worship means humbling oneself before the one worshipped. According to this interpretation, all creation is subject to Allah’s command and submits to His decree, because it takes effect upon them and they have no power to resist it when it befalls them. Although the disbeliever disobeys Allah’s command to believe and obey, he nevertheless remains subject to Allah’s decree as it takes effect upon him.

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Allah, Exalted is He, has decreed that He will not punish His creatures for neglecting what He has commanded them or doing what He has forbidden them until He has established the proof against them by sending messengers to them. He, Exalted is He, says:

“We never punish until We have sent a messenger.” [al-Isrā’: 15]

He, Exalted is He, also says:

“Whenever a group is cast into it, its keepers will ask them, ‘Did no warner come to you?’ They will say, ‘Yes.’” [al-Mulk: 8–9]

He, Almighty and Majestic, says:

“We certainly sent a messenger to every nation, saying, ‘Worship Allah.’” [al-Nahl: 36]

Thus Allah, Almighty and Majestic, sent a messenger to every nation, conveying what He had made obligatory upon them: belief in Him, submission to His worship, commitment to obeying Him, and avoidance of disobedience to Him. And among the last of the messengers was

وقال تعالى: ﴿كَذَلِكَ يُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ﴾ [المدثر: ٣١]، وقال النبي ﵊: «كل ميسر لما خلق له». وجاء في الحديث «أن رجلا من مزينة أتى النبي ﵊ فقال يا رسول الله أرأيت ما يعمل الناس فيه ويكدحون أشيء قضي عليهم ومضى أو فيما يستقبلون، فقال: بل شيء قضي عليهم ومضى، قال فلم نعمل إذا قال من خلقه الله لواحدة من المنزلتين فهو يستعمل لها». وتصديق ذلك في كتاب الله: ﴿وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا﴾ [الشمس: ٧] ﴿فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا﴾ [الشمس: ٨]. وقد قيل إن معنى الآية وما خلقت الجن والإنس إلا لآمرهم بعبادتي. وقيل معناها ليذعنوا لي بالعبودية ويعترفوا لي بالربوبية؛ لأن معنى العبادة التذلل للمعبود. فكل الخلق على هذا التأويل متذلل لأمر الله مذعن لقضائه لأنه جار عليه لا قدرة له على الامتناع منه إذا نزل به. وإن خالف الكافر أمر الله تعالى فيما أمره به من الإيمان والطاعة فالتذلل لقضاء الله الجاري عليه موجود منه. فصل وحكم الله تعالى أن لا يعذب الخلق على ترك ما أمرهم به وإتيان ما نهاهم عنه إلا بعد إقامة الحجة عليهم ببعثة الرسل إليهم. قال تعالى: ﴿وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّى نَبْعَثَ رَسُولا﴾ [الإسراء: ١٥]، وقال تعالى: ﴿كُلَّمَا أُلْقِيَ فِيهَا فَوْجٌ سَأَلَهُمْ خَزَنَتُهَا أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَذِيرٌ - قَالُوا بَلَى﴾ [الملك: ٨ - ٩]، وقال ﷿: ﴿وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولا أَنِ اُعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ﴾ [النحل: ٣٦]؛ فبعث الله ﷿ في كل أمة رسولا بما أوجب عليهم من الإيمان به والانقياد لعبادته والتزام طاعته واجتناب معصيته، فكان من آخر المرسلين