to them and is not shared by marketplaces, though doing so is disliked as a matter of good manners. Success comes through Allah.
Section
On Banquets and Invitations That Must Be Attended
Invitations to meals fall into five categories. Some must be accepted by those invited, and absence is not permissible without an excuse. This applies to the wedding feast that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded and encouraged people to hold, and whose invitations he commanded them to accept.
Others are recommended to accept: meals that a man prepares for his close friends and neighbours as an expression of good fellowship and a desire to foster affection and harmony.
Others may be accepted, with no blame for declining. These are customary invitations other than wedding feasts, provided they serve no blameworthy purpose, such as an ‘aqīqa (birth-sacrifice) feast, a naqī‘a banquet, a feast marking the completion of a house, a childbirth feast, a circumcision feast, and the like.
Others are disliked to accept: meals intended to serve a blameworthy purpose, such as asserting superiority, placing others under an obligation, seeking praise and thanks, and similar aims. Accepting such invitations is especially disliked for people of virtue and standing, because their attendance at such meals undermines mutual assistance, diminishes the respect they command in the face of people’s baseness, and exposes them to humiliation.
As the saying goes, “No one ever put his hand into another’s bowl without becoming beholden to him.”
Others are forbidden to accept: meals that a man prepares for someone who is forbidden to accept his gifts, such as a meal offered to a judge by one of the litigants. Success comes through Allah.
Section
On Visiting the Sick
It is recommended for a Muslim to visit his fellow Muslim when he is ill, because this fosters the affection and continuing ties encouraged by Islamic law. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “A Muslim’s right over