Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (3/443)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

return his greeting, since the greeting he receives from him brings him no blessing. This explanation is of no merit. It has also been said that, when replying to a protected non-Muslim, one says, “Alayka al-silām”—with an i vowel on the sīn—or “Alāka al-salām,” meaning, “Peace has risen away from you.” Some scholars have permitted initiating the greeting of peace to protected non-Muslims, but this runs contrary to what has been reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

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None of the adherents of deviant doctrines should be greeted with peace. Ibn al-Qāsim stated this in his transmitted reports in the al-Jāmi‘ section of al-‘Utbiyyah, and related that he understood this to be Mālik’s position. This concerns those adherents of deviant doctrines who resemble the Qadariyyah, such as the Mu‘tazilah, Rāfidah and Khawārij. Some deviant doctrines constitute outright disbelief, and there is no disagreement that whoever holds them is an unbeliever; consequently, there is no disagreement that such a person should not be greeted with peace. Others are minor: there is no disagreement that they do not constitute disbelief or that those holding them are not unbelievers; consequently, there is no disagreement that they should be greeted with peace.

He may mean that they should not be greeted as a disciplinary measure, to disavow them and express hatred of them for Allah’s sake, because he regards them as unbelievers on the basis of the character of their statements. He may also mean that they should not be greeted because, in their view, they are unbelievers on account of what their statements lead to. His position on this matter has varied. Those engaged in falsehood should not be greeted while they are occupied with it and practising it, such as those engaged in frivolous entertainment, playing chess and similar activities.

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Seeking permission to enter is obligatory. No one may enter another person’s home without first seeking permission, whether that person is unrelated or a relative. It is reported that a man asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), “Messenger of Allah, must I seek permission to enter upon my mother?” He replied, “Yes.” The man said, “I live with her in the house.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Seek her permission.” The man said, “Messenger of Allah, I attend to her needs.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Would you like to see her naked?” He replied, “No.” He said, “Then seek her permission.”

Abū Mūsā al-Ash‘arī reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Permission to enter is to be sought three times. If you are granted permission, enter; otherwise, go back.”

Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says:

“Do not enter houses other than your own until you have asked permission and greeted their inhabitants.” [al-Nūr: 27]

يرد عليه سلامه من أجل أنه لا يلحقه بسلامه عليه بركة وليس ذلك بشيء. وقد قيل: إنه يقول في الرد على الذمي: عليك السلام - بكسر السين - وعلاك السلام: ارتفع عنك. ومن أهل العلم من أجاز أن يبدأ أهل الذمة بالسلام، وهو خلاف ما روي عن النبي ﷺ. فصل ولا يسلم على أهل الأهواء كلهم، قاله ابن القاسم في سماعه من جامع العتبية، وحكى أنه رأى ذلك من مذهب مالك. ومعناه في أهل الأهواء الذين يشبهون القدرية من المعتزلة والروافض والخوارج، إذ من الأهواء ما هو كفر صريح لا يختلف في أن معتقده كافر، فلا يختلف في أنه لا يسلم عليه؛ ومنه ما هو خفيف لا يختلف في أنه ليس بكفر ولا في معتقده أنه ليس بكافر فلا يختلف في أنه يسلم عليه. ويحتمل أنه يريد أنه لا يسلم عليهم على وجه التأديب لهم والتبرؤ منهم والبغضة فيهم لله؛ لأنهم عنده كفار بمثال قولهم ويحمل أن يريد أنه لا يسلم عليهم؛ لأنهم عندهم كفار بآل قولهم، وقد اختلف قوله في ذلك. ولا ينبغي أن يسلم على أهل الباطل في حال تشبثهم بالباطل وعملهم به كالملهيين واللاعبين بالشطرنج وشبه ذلك. فصل والاستئذان واجب، لا يجوز لأحد أن يدخل على أحد بيته حتى يستأذن عليه، أجنبيا كان أو قريبا. وقد جاء أن «رجلا سأل النبي ﷺ فقال: يا رسول الله أأستأذن على أمي؟ فقال: نعم، فقال الرجل: إني معها في البيت، فقال رسول الله ﷺ: استأذن عليها فقال الرجل يا رسول الله: إني خادمها، فقال رسول الله ﷺ: أتحب أن تراها عريانة؟ قال: لا قال: فاستأذن عليها». وروى أبو موسى الأشعري عن النبي ﷺ أنه قال: «الاستئذان ثلاث فإن أذن لك وإلا فارجع». وقال الله ﷿: ﴿لا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا غَيْرَ بُيُوتِكُمْ حَتَّى تَسْتَأْنِسُوا وَتُسَلِّمُوا عَلَى أَهْلِهَا﴾ [النور: ٢٧]