In this year, Abū Bakr burned al-Fujāʾah, whose name was Iyās ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yālīl. He had asked Abū Bakr to assist him against the Arabs who had apostatized and to provide him with a mount, which he did. But he began killing Muslims and apostates alike. A report was sent concerning him, and he was captured. It is said that Abū Bakr had him killed and then burned.

In this year, Abū Bakr dispatched Khālid ibn al-Walīd against Tulayhah. He defeated him and killed some of his followers. Tulayhah fled, then embraced Islam and became a good Muslim. Khālid then proceeded, on Abū Bakr’s orders, against Musaylimah in al-Yamāmah. A woman named Sajāh bint al-Hārith, of Banū Tamīm, had emerged, and Musaylimah married her. Khālid killed Musaylimah and secured al-Yamāmah through a peace agreement that Mujjāʿah ibn Murārah concluded with him. One thousand one hundred Muslims were martyred, or, according to another account, one thousand four hundred, including seventy who had memorized the Quran.

Abū Bakr died on Monday, with eight nights remaining in Jumādā al-Ākhirah, in 13 AH. His caliphate lasted two years and four months, less ten nights.

Abū Bakr appointed ʿUmar ibn al-Khattāb as his successor. He, may Allah be pleased with him, was killed in Dhū al-Hijjah, 23 AH. Abū Luʾluʾah, a Christian slave belonging to al-Mughīrah, stabbed him at the time of the dawn prayer, before he had begun praying. At his command, ʿAbd al-Rahmān ibn ʿAwf led the people in prayer. His caliphate is said to have lasted ten years, five months, and twenty-nine days. Before his death, ʿUmar entrusted the choice of his successor to a council of six men: ʿUthmān, ʿAlī, Talhah, al-Zubayr, ʿAbd al-Rahmān ibn ʿAwf, and Saʿd ibn Abī Waqqās.

They agreed upon the appointment of ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān. He, may Allah be pleased with him, was killed in 35 AH at the age of ninety, though some say eighty-eight, and others eighty-six. He was buried at night, and Jubayr ibn Mutʿim led his funeral prayer. His caliphate lasted twelve years, though some say it was twelve nights short of that.

Allegiance was pledged to ʿAlī, may Allah be pleased with him, as caliph six months after ʿUthmān’s killing. His caliphate is said to have lasted five years less three months.